Catalysis with ionic liquid mediated metal nanoparticles [Elektronische Ressource] / Richard Knapp

Richard Knapp

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 47
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN

Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II






CATALYSIS WITH IONIC LIQUID MEDIATED
METAL NANOPARTICLES



Richard Knapp




Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Chemie der Technischen Universität
München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.)
genehmigten Dissertation.



Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. U. K. Heiz
Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. A. Lercher
2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. K. Köhler


Die Dissertation wurde am 13.04.2010 bei der technischen Universität München
eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Chemie am 15.06.2010 angenommen.










































The more precisely you plan,
the harder destiny hits you.


Acknowledgments

As my days as a PhD student are over now and some of the work (very carefully
evaluated and selected) done is to be found on the following pages, it is time to thank the
people who supported me in one way or another during this time.

First of all I want to thank Professor Johannes A. Lercher for offering me a place in his
group and giving me this interesting and promising topic. Furthermore I would like to
thank you for your support and good advice.

My special thanks go to PD Andy Jentys, who was always open for questions and
discussions. I learned many useful things from you and I must say that is was always fun
to work with you. I also want to thank PD Thomas E. Müller for his input, especially in
the first year of my thesis.

Then I have to thank Sonja A. Wyrzgol, Keiko Tonami, Julius Markovits, Agathe Szkola,
Carolina Neudeck, Dani Dancev, Daniel Mieze, Florian Barnikel, Markus Neumann,
Robin Kolvenbach, Mathias Köberl, Maximilian Hahn, Ruben Eckermann, Sebastian
Grundner and Tobias Berto who worked as diploma-, bachelor- and etc.-students on this
topic and were a great help during their time here.

The author is also grateful to the BMBF for funding the project (promotional reference
03X2012F) and to the Max-Buchner-Stiftung for partial support. I am also thankful for
the insights I got from the collaborations with Professor Peter Wasserscheid (FAU
Erlangen), Professor Walter Leitner (RWTH Aachen), Professor Harald Morgner
(Universität Leipzig), Dr. Richard Fischer (Süd-Chemie AG), Dr. Normen Szesni (Süd-
Chemie AG) and Dr. Marc Uerdingen (Merck KGaA).

I would like to thank the many scientists and engineers I had the pleasure to work with
during the stays at synchrotron (HASYLAB at DESY and ESRF) and neutron radiation
facilities (ILL). Especially I want to mention Dr. Alexande Ivanov, Dr. Sergey Nikitenko,
Alain Bertoni, Mathias Herrmann and Dr. Adam Webb. I also want to thank PD Gerd
Gemmecker and Dr. Gabi Raudaschl-Sieber here in Munich for their NMR support.

Furthermore I would like to thank Xaver Hecht for always being there when needed to fix
a setup. I am also obliged to my other colleagues here at TC II. Especially I want to
mention the following people (in no particular order): Martin Neukamm (AAS
measurements), Andreas Marx (computer expert) as well as Charsten Sievers (for the
introduction to MAS NMR) and Hendrik Dathe (expert for many things). Furthermore I
would like to thank my colleagues Virginia, Peter, Elvira, Ben, Andi (see you at the
Großglockner one day), Philipp, Dani, Ana, Helen and Christoph. Thank you all for
having a nice time in this group.

These acknowledgements would not be complete without thanking Tobias Förster and
Wolfgang Deutlmoser, two friends (50 % of them did their PhD thesis at TC II during my
time here) for very interesting and philosophical discussions.

And of course I have to thank my parents and my sister for supporting me throughout my
studies, not to mention the many years before.

My very special thanks go to Manuela, for an unbelievingly good time and your support
throughout the last years.

Finally I would like to thank those who do not want to be mentioned due to modesty. You
know who you are, besides if you do not know who else could.


Richard
July, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 6
1.1. THE WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTION........................................................................ 7
1.2. IONIC LIQUIDS.................................................................................................... 10
1.2.1. Synthesis of ionic liquids............................................................................... 10
1.2.2. General physical properties of ionic liquids................................................. 12
1.3. SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUID CATALYSTS................................................................ 13
1.3.1. Overview of different supported ionic liquid catalysts ................................. 13
1.3.2. Preparation methods of catalysts with ionic liquid mediated nanoparticles 14
1.4. SCOPE OF THE THESIS......................................................................................... 16
1.5. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 2. IMPACT OF SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUIDS ON SUPPORTED PT
CATALYSTS ................................................................................................................... 20
2.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 21
2.2. EXPERIMENTAL 22
2.2.1. Materials....................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2. Preparation of the supported catalysts ......................................................... 22
2.2.3. Characterization ........................................................................................... 23
2.2.4. Catalytic activity 24
2.3. RESULTS............................................................................................................. 24
2.3.1. Infrared spectroscopy.................................................................................... 24
2.3.2. Inelastic neutron scattering .......................................................................... 25
12.3.3. H MAS NMR Spectroscopy 26
2.3.4. Transmission electron microscopy................................................................ 28
2.3.5. X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine
structure .................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.6. Catalytic hydrogenation of ethene 30
2.4. DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 31
2.5. CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................... 34
2.6. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 3. CORRUGATED STRUCTURE OF IONIC LIQUID SURFACES
WITH POLYMER STABILIZED PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES ....................... 37
3.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 38
3.2. EXPERIMENTAL 39
3.2.1. Materials 39
3.2.2. Preparation of Pt nanoparticles ................................................................... 39
3.2.3. Preparation of supported Pt nanoparticles .................................................. 40
3.2.4. Characterization of materials....................................................................... 40
3.2.5. Catalytic activity ........................................................................................... 44
3.3. RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 44
3.3.1. Transmission electron microscopy ............................................................... 44
3.3.2. Liquid and solid state NMR spectroscopy .................................................... 45
-3-TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.3.3. NICISS analysis ............................................................................................ 48
3.3.4. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)................................................................... 52
3.3.5. Catalytic hydrogenation of ethene................................................................ 54
3.4. DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 55
3.4.1. Properties of prepared nanoparticles........................................................... 55
3.4.2. Liquid and solid state NMR spectroscopy .................................................... 56
3.4.3. Orientation of parti