Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Characterization of the gun phenotype under photo-bleaching conditions Vorgelegt von Christian Voigt Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dario Leister Zweitgutacher: Prof. Dr. Peter Geigenberger Dezember 2009 (Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 4.02.2010) Summary Summary Protein complexes involved in biochemical processes of organelles are composed of subunits encoded in the organelles and the nucleus. To guarantee energy-saving assembly and efficient functioning of such protein complexes, a proper regulatory network is required. The anterograde control of the nucleus over the organelles is extensive and the principal parameters are known. It is also accepted that organelles send information about their developmental and metabolic state to the nucleus (‘retrograde signaling’) in order to adapt nuclear gene expression. But, the nature of the molecules that relay information to the nucleus is still unclear. In a mutant screen, designed to find factors involved in retrograde signaling in A. thaliana, the genomes uncoupled (gun) mutants were identified more than 15 years ago. Under photo-bleaching conditions induced by norflurazon (NF), an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis, the expression of the nuclear localized gene encoding photosystem II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCB1.