Characterization of tomato root-endophytic fungi and analysis of their effects on plant development, on fruit yield and quality and on interaction with the pathogen Verticillium dahliae [Elektronische Ressource] / von Diana Rocío Andrade Linares

Diana Rocí Andrade Linares

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_potsdam
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 26
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 13 Mo

Extrait

Institut für Biochemie und Biologie




Characterization of tomato root-endophytic fungi and analysis of their
effects on plant development, on fruit yield and quality and on interaction
with the pathogen Verticillium dahliae






Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
"doctor rerum naturalium"
(Dr. rer. nat.)
in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin "Biologie"








eingereicht an der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Universität Potsdam




von
M. Sc. Diana Rocio Andrade Linares





Potsdam, den 12.09.10













































Published online at the
Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam:
URL http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5137/
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51375
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51375
Eidesstattliche Erklärung


Diese Dissertation ist das Ergebnis experimenteller Arbeit, die vom April 2006 bis Dezember
2009 im Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau – IGZ (Goßbeeren) und im Institut
für Biochemie und Biologie der Universität Potsdam durchgeführt wurde. Ich erkläre, dass die
vorliegende Arbeit an keiner anderen Hochschule eingerecht sowie selbständig und nur mit
den angegebenen Mitteln angefertigt habe.




__________________________________
Berlin, July 2010. Diana Rocío Andrade Linares













































Präsident der Universität Potsdam
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. Sabine Kunst

Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Prof. Dr. Reimund Gerhard

Gutachter:

1. _________________________________
Prof. Dr. Bernd Müller-Röber
Universität Potsdam, Golm, Deutschland.

2._________________________________
Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Kogel
Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Deutschland.

3._________________________________
Prof. Dr. Silvia Restrepo
Universität Los Andes, Bogotá, Kolumbien.

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.03.2011






























Es gibt Menschen, die kämpfen einen Tag,
und sie sind gut.
Es gibt andere, die kämpfen ein Jahr
und sind besser.
Es gibt Menschen, die kämpfen viele Jahre
und sind sehr gut.
Aber es gibt Menschen,
die kämpfen ein Leben lang.
Das sind die Unersetzlichen.
Bertolt Brecht


Contents
___________________________________________________________________________

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION…………………….………………………………….....2
1.1 Fungal endophytes.………………………………………………………………….2
1.1.1 Diversity of fungal endophytes………………………………………………. ..4
1.1.2 Secondary metabolites produced by endophytes………………………………5
1.1.3 Benefits for the plant host.……………………………………………………..7
1.1.4 Implications for plant evolution.……………………………………………….9
1.2 Root fungal endophyte ……………………………………………………… ...……9
1.2.1 Piriformospora indica.………………………………………………………..10
1.2.2 Trichoderma spp..……………………………………………………………. 12
1.2.3 Dark septate endophytes.…………………………………………………….. 13
1.3 The model crop tomato.…………………………………………………………….14
1.3.1 Tomato cultivation.…………………………………………………………... 15
1.3.2 Tomato breeding ……………………………………………………………...17
1.3.3 Tomato diseases and control…………………………………………………. 17
1.3.4 Verticillium dahliae a vascular fungal pathogen of tomato.…………………. 22
1.4 Research focus and organization of the thesis …………………………………... 23

2 DARK SEPTATE AND OTHER ASCOMYCETOUS ENDOPHYTES FROM
ROOTS OF CULTIVATED SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM IN COLOMBIA:
TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THEIR
ENDOPHYTIC COLONIZATION …………………………………………………… 25
2.1 Abstract.…………………………………………………………………………… 27
2.2 Introduction.……………………………………………………………………….. 28
2.3 Materials and Methods.…………………………………………………………… 29
2.3.1 Isolation of fungal endophytes.……………………………………………… 29
2.3.2 DNA extraction, PCR and phylogenetic analyses.…………………………... 30
2.3.3 Morphological characterization…..…………………………………………. 31
2.3.4 Tomato seedling colonization assay.………………………………………… 31
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Isolation and selection of fungal endophytes………………………………... 32
2.4.2 Characterization of fungal endophytes..……………………………………... 33
2.4.3 Hypocreales...................................................................................................... 36
2.4.4 Phyllachorales.................................................................................................. 37
2.4.5 Pleosporales..................................................................................................... 37 Contents
___________________________________________________________________________

2.4.6 Heliotales.......................................................................................................... 40
2.4.7 Chaetospaeriales .……………………………………………………………. 40
2.5 Discussion.………………………………………………………………………….. 42
2.6 Acknowledgements.………………………………………………………………... 44
2.7 Literature Cited.…………………………………………………………………… 44

3 SCREENING OF TOMATO ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FOR POTENTIAL
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS.……………………………………………………………… 53
3.1 Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………. 53
3.2 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….. 54
3.3 Materials and methods.……………………………………………………………. 54
3.3.1 Isolation of fungal endophytes.……………………………………………..... 54
3.3.2 Inoculation of tomato roots.…………………………………………………. 55
3.4 Results and discussion.…………………………………………………………….. 56
3.4.1 Isolation and selection of fungal endophytes….…………………………….. 56
3.4.2 Colonisation and impact on plant development.…………………………….. 56
3.5 Acknowledgements.………………………………………………………………... 57
3.6 References.................................................................................................................. 58

4 EFFECTS OF DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTES ON TOMATO PLANT
PERFORMANCE ……………………………………………………………………... 59
4.1 Abstract .……………………………………………………………………………. 60
4.2 Introduction….…………………………………………………………………….. 61
4.3 Materials and methods….…………………………………………………………. 63
4.3.1 Experimental design….……………………………………………………… 63
4.3.2 Preparing of the endophyte inoculum and plant inoculation ……………….. 64
4.3.3 Inoculation of the pathogen V. dahliae….…………………………………... 65
4.3.4 Effect on fruit yield and quality….…………………………………………... 65
4.3.5 Microscopy.………………………………………………………………….. 66
4.3.6 Statistical analyses….……………………………………………………….. 66
4.4 Results….…………………………………………………………………………… 66
4.4.1 The endophyte impact on vegetative plant growth….……………………….. 66
4.4.2 The endophyte impact on plant-pathogen interaction…….…………………. 68
4.4.3 The endophyte impact on fruit yield and quality……………………………...69 Contents
___________________________________________________________________________

4.5 Discussion….……………………………………………………………………….. 72
4.6 Conclusion….………………………………………………………………………. 76
4.7 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………… 76
4.8 References………………………………………………………………………….. 76

5 THE ROOT ENDOPHYTE Piriformospora indica..…………………………………..83
5.1 Impact of Piriformospora indica on tomato. ………………………………….......84
5.1.1 Abstract……………………………………………………………………….84
5.1.2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………...85
5.1.3 Conditions for analysing Piriformospora indica – tomato interactions….….. 87
5.1.4 Impact on vegetative growth………………………………………………….90
5.1.5 Impact on generative development and yield………………………………... 92
5.1.6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………….... 94
5.1.7 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………...94
5.1.8 References……………………………………………………………...……..95
5.2 Impact of Piriformospora indica on tomato growth and on interaction with
fungal and viral pathogens………………………………………………...……… 97

5.3 Root colonization by Piriformospora indica enhances grain yield in barley
under diverse nutrient regimes by accelerating plant development……..…….119

6 GENERAL DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………….140
6.1 Isolation, taxonomic characterization and root colonization of new
root endophytic fungi……………………..............................................................141

6.2 The impact of three new fungal isolates and Piriformospora indica on
tomato plant growth and fruit yield and quality…………….………………….