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Publié par | biomed |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2011 |
Nombre de lectures | 4 |
Langue | English |
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Jose
etal
.
InternationalJournalofBehavioralNutritionandPhysicalActivity
2011,
8
:54
http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/8/1/54
RESEARCH
OpenAccess
Childhoodandadolescentpredictorsofleisure
timephysicalactivityduringthetransitionfrom
adolescencetoadulthood:apopulationbased
cohortstudy
KimAJose
1*
,LeighBlizzard
1
,TerryDwyer
2
,CharlotteMcKercher
1
andAlisonJVenn
1
Abstract
Background:
Fewstudieshaveinvestigatedfactorsthatinfluencephysicalactivitybehaviorduringthetransition
fromadolescencetoadulthood.Thisstudyexplorestheassociationsofsociodemographic,behavioral,sociocultural,
attitudinalandphysicalfactorsmeasuredinchildhoodandadolescencewithphysicalactivitybehaviorduringthe
transitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.
Methods:
Childhoodandadolescentdata(atages7-15years)werecollectedaspartofthe1985AustralianHealth
andFitnessSurveyandsubdividedintosociodemographics(socioeconomicstatus,parentaleducation),behavioral
(smoking,alcohol,sportsdiversity,outsideschoolsports),sociocultural(activefather,activemother,anyolder
siblings,anyyoungersiblings,languagespokenathome),attitudinal(sports/recreationalcompetency,self-rated
health,enjoymentphysicaleducation/physicalactivity,notenjoyingschoolsports)andphysical(BMI,timetakento
run1.6km,longjump)factors.Physicalactivitybetweentheages15and29yearswasreportedretrospectively
usingtheHistoricalLeisureActivityQuestionnaireatfollow-upin2004-2006by2,048participantsintheChildhood
DeterminantsofAdultHealthStudy(CDAH).Australia
’
sphysicalactivityrecommendationsforchildrenandadults
wereusedtocategorizeparticipantsaspersistentlyactive,variablyactiveorpersistentlyinactiveduringthe
transitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.
Results:
Forfemales,perceivedsportscompetencyinchildhoodandadolescencewassignificantlyassociatedwith
beingpersistentlyactive(RR=1.88,95%CI=1.39,2.55).Smoking(RR=0.31CI=0.12,0.82)andhavingyounger
siblings(RR=0.69CI=0.52,0.93)wereinverselyassociatedwithbeingpersistentlyactiveaftertakingphysicaland
attitudinalfactorsintoaccount.Formales,playingsportoutsideschool(RR=1.47CI=1.05,2.08),havingactive
fathers(RR=1.25CI=1.01,1.54)andnotenjoyingschoolsport(RR=4.07CI=2.31,7.17)wereassociatedwith
beingpersistentlyactiveintoadulthood.Timetakentocompletethe1.6kmrunwasinverselyassociatedwith
beingpersistentlyactiveintoadulthood(RR=0.85CI=0.78,0.93)afteradjustingforrecreationalcompetency.
Conclusions:
Perceivedsportscompetency(females)andcardiorespiratoryfitness,playingsportoutsideschooland
havingactivefathers(males)inchildhoodandadolescencewerepositivelyassociatedwithbeingpersistently
activeduringthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.
*Correspondence:Kim.jose@utas.edu.au
1
MenziesResearchInstituteTasmania,UniversityofTasmania,PrivateBag23,
Hobart,Tasmania,Australia
Fulllistofauthorinformationisavailableattheendofthearticle
©2011Joseetal;licenseeBioMedCentralLtd.ThisisanOpenAccessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommons
AttributionLicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductionin
anymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Jose
etal
.
InternationalJournalofBehavioralNutritionandPhysicalActivity
2011,
8
:54
http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/8/1/54
Background
Thehealthbenefitsofregularphysicalactivityarewell
established[1]andparticipationinregularphysical
activityovertimeisassociatedwithadecreaseinall-
causemortality[2].Longitudinalstudiesshowadecline
inphysicalactivitywithincreasingage[3-5]withphysi-
calactivitytrackingatlowtomoderatelevelsacrossthe
lifespan[6,7].Physicalfitnessmeasuresshowgreater
longitudinalstabilitythanphysicalactivity[3,6].Studies
revealadecreaseinphysicalactivityparticipationduring
adolescence[5,8]anddifferencesinpatternsofphysical
activityparticipationformalesandfemales[4,9].
Longitudinalstudiesofadolescentswithrepeatedmea-
suresofphysicalactivityshowthatonlyaminoritywere
classifiedaspersistentexercisersacrossthestudyperiod
[10,11].InastudyofFinnishyouthatages16,17and
18only19.1%ofboysand11.2%ofgirlswerecategor-
izedaspersistentexercisersacrossallthreeages[10].In
alongitudinalNewZealandstudyonly5.8%offemales
and15.8%ofmaleswerefoundtomeetphysicalactivity
recommendationsatage15andage18[11].Thetransi-
tionfromlateadolescencetoadulthoodisatimeof
intensesocialtransitionassociatedwithanumberofsig-
nificantlifeevents.Physicalactivityresearchershave
calledforfurtherinvestigationofphysicalactivitybeha-
viorsduringlifetransitions[12].
Studiesofchildhoodpredictorsofadultphysicalactivity
haveinvestigatedsociodemographicfactors[13-15],sports
participation[14,16],physicalactivityinchildhoodorado-
lescence[7,14]andphysicalfitnessmeasures[3,17].None
haveinvestigatedallofthesemeasuresorfocusedonthe
transitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Wewereableto
exploretheassociationbetweensociodemographic,beha-
vioral,sociocultural,attitudinalandphysicalfactorsmea-
suredinchildhoodandadolescenceonmaintaining
physicalactivitythroughtoyoungadulthood.
Methods
Participants
Childhooddataforthisstudyweretakenfromthe1985
AustralianSchoolsHealthandFitnessSurvey(ASHFS),
anationalsurveyof8,4987-15yearoldschoolchildren.
Detailsofthe1985samplingstrategyaredescribedelse-
where[18].Participantsunderwentarangeofhealth
andfitnesstestsincludingaerobicfitness,muscular
strengthandanthropometry.Childrenaged9yearsand
over(n=6,559)alsocompletedaquestionnairein
groupsoffourundersupervisionofatraineddatacol-
lector.Thequestionnaireaskedaboutparticipationin
sportandexercise,perceivedcompetencyatsportand
exercise,smokingandalcoholuse,parentalexercise
habits,andattitudestowardssport,exerciseandhealth.
In2001-2002,6,840(81%)oftheASHFSparticipants
werelocatedandinvitedtoenrolintheChildhood
Page2of9
DeterminantsofAdultHealth(CDAH)study.Atotalof
5,170(61%baseline)enrolledinthefollowupstudyand
completedashortquestionnaire.Additionalquestion-
naires,includingtheHistoricalLeisureActivityQues-
tionnaire(HLAQ)werecompletedby2,583CDAH
participants.Thisstudyincludedthosewhohadcom-
pletedboththechildhoodquestionnaireandtheHLAQ
atfollow-up(n=2,048).
TheCDAHstudywasapprovedbytheSouthernTas-
maniaHealthandMedicalHumanResearchEthics
Committeeandallparticipantsprovidedwritten
informedconsent.
PhysicalActivityMeasures
TheHLAQwasdevelopedbyKriskaandcolleaguesto
retrospectivelyassesslifetimeparticipationinleisure
activity[19,20].Amodifiedversionofthisquestionnaire
wasusedtocaptureAustraliansportingandrecreational
activitiesandassessparticipationinleisureactivityin
participantsfromage15yearstofollow-up.Participants
wereaskedtoincludeactivitiesthattheyhadpartici-
patedinwithfriends,anorganisedteam,group,clubor
forschool,butnotincludingthosedoneduringphysical
educationclasses.TheHLAQrequiredparticipantsto
estimatethenumberofyears,monthsperyearand
hoursperweekthattheyparticipatedineachactivity
overthreeageperiods:15-19,20-24and25-29years.
Averageminutesperweekspentinactivitieswasthen
calculatedforeachofthethreeagegroups.Energy
expenditure(metabolicequivalents)wasestimatedusing
theAinsworthcompendiumofphysicalactivities[21].
ParticipantswerecategorizedasactiveiftheymetAus-
tralia
’
sphysicalactivityrecommendationsforchildren/
adolescents(420minsmoderatetovigorousphysical
activity/week)atages15-19oradultrecommendations
(150minsmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivity/week)
atages20-29.Persistentlyactiveparticipantsmetthe
guidelinesateachofthethreeagegroupings.Those
whofailedtomeettherecommendationsatanytime
periodwereclassifiedaspersistentlyinactiveandthe
remainderwereclassifiedasvariablyactive.
Atfollow-upparticipantscompletedthelongversion
oftheInternationalPhysicalActivityQuestionnaire
(IPAQ)[22].Weeklyminutesofleisuretimephysical
activitywereusedtoindicatediscretionaryphysical
activity.Cardiorespiratoryfitnesswasalsomeasured
usingabicycleergometertesttoestimatephysicalwork
capacityataheartrateof170beats/minute(PWC170)
onaMonarkbicycleergometer(model828E,Monark
ExerciseAB,Sweden)usingastandardizedprotocol[23]
ChildhoodandAdolescentMeasures
Withtheexceptionofparentaleducation(reportedret-
rospectivelyatfollow-up)allmeasureswerecollectedat
Jose
etal
.
InternationalJournalofBehavioralNutritionandPhysicalActivity
2011,
8
:54
http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/8/1/54
baselinein1985.Sociodemographicinformationcol-
lectedincludedpostcodeofresidenceatbaseline.The
highestlevelofeducationachievedbyparentswhenpar-
ticipantswereaged12yearswascollectedretrospec-
tivelyatfollow-up.Postcodeatbaselinewasusedto
categorizeparticipantsusingtheAustralianBureauof
StatisticsSocio-economicIndexforAreas(SEIFA)and
1981censusdata.SEIFAisasummaryoffiveindices
measuringdifferentaspectsofsocioeconomicstatus
basedonquestionsaskedintheAustralianpopulation
census.Allpostcodesareclassifiedintofourcategories
(low,medium-low,medium-highandhigh)usingthe
indexofrelativesocioeconomicdisadvantage.Parental
educationwascategorizedintohigh(university),med-
ium(trade/vocational)andlow(schoolonly).
Behavioralfactorsincludedfrequencyofsmokingand
alcoholuse,sportsplayedandwhetherthesportswere
playedforschool