COGNITIVE–ENERGETIC MECHANISMS AND NEURAL BASIS OF ALERTNESS REGULATION Von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Dipl.-Psych. Robert Langner Berichter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wilhelmus Spijkers Prof. Dr. Walter Sturm Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 18.05.2010 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar. Every day you may make progress. Every step may be fruitful. Yet there will stretch out before you an ever-lengthening, ever-ascending, ever-improving path. You know you will never get to the end of the journey. But this, so far from discouraging, only adds to the joy and glory of the climb. -- Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures SUMMARY Human cognition is influenced by “energetic” factors like effort or fatigue. Interestingly, seemingly easy or well-practiced tasks that still require a continuous attentional engagement, have been found especially susceptible to the effects of such energetic variables. Particularly in monotonous and cognitively little challenging tasks, impaired performance, from reduced efficiency to catastrophic errors, often results from temporary deficits in sustaining attention.