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Publié par | Thesee |
Nombre de lectures | 42 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 31 Mo |
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THÈSE
Pour obtenir le grade de
DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE
Spécialité : Physique pour les sciences du vivant
Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006
Présentée par
Paul Claude DIEMOZ
Thèse dirigée par José BARUCHEL et Paola COAN
codirigée par Alberto BRAVIN
préparée au sein du European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
dans l'École Doctorale de Physique
en cotutelle avec la Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich (Allemagne)
Contributions expérimentales et théoriques
aux techniques de contraste de phase pour
l’imagerie médicale par rayons X
Thèse soutenue publiquement le 28 février 2011,
devant le jury composé de :
Prof. Serge PEREZ
ESRF Grenoble, Président du jury
Prof. Timur E. GUREYEV
CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering (Australie), Rapporteur
Prof. Pekka SUORTTI
University of Helsinki (Finlande), Rapporteur
Dr. José BARUCHEL
ESRF Grenoble, Directeur de Thèse Université de Grenoble
PROF. Paola COAN
LMU University Munich (Allemagne), Directeur de Thèse LMU University Munich
Dr. Alberto BRAVIN
ESRF Grenoble, Co-directeur de Thèse
Prof. Ralf H. MENK
Elettra Synchrotron Light Source (Italie), Examinateur
Prof. Alessandro OLIVO
University College London (Royaume-Uni), Examinateur
tel-00602998, version 1 - 24 Jun 2011
tel-00602998, version 1 - 24 Jun 2011Acknowledgements
I would like here to thank all the people whoh ehlapveed me during these long three
years and contributed, in a way or in the oth ethr,e tsouccessful completion of this
Thesis.
First of all, I wish to express my gratitude etroto ABlbravin for introducing me to the
world of synchrotron and phase contrast, for heicsi oupsr teachings during beamtimes
and for always being open to new ideas, and Poaaonla foCr her guidance, the daily
discussions and unflagging help. Thanks Paola anlbde rtAo for having taught me the
difficult but rewarding job of the researcher! uIl d waolso like to acknowledge José
Baruchel, for his kind supervision and encouragetm. en
I am grateful to Timur Gureyev and Pekka Suwohrtot i,a ccepted to review this Thesis
and gave me valuable comments and suggestions own hto improve the manuscript. I
would also like to thank Serge Perez, who actPerde siadse nt of the Thesis panel, and the
examiners Alessandro Olivo and Ralph Menk.
I am particularly indebted to the ESRF and alpl etohpele of ID17 for providing me with
an excellent work environment and constantly hegl pmine with my work. A big thanks to
Christian Nemoz for the informatics support, fos r gohiod spirit and the ever-present
Pastis, and to Herwig Requardt and Thierry Broc hfaorrd their helpfulness and the
technical assistance during experiments. I also h wtios thank Géraldine Le duc and
Dominique Dallery for having taken care of our aalsn.im Merci aussi à mon nouveau
collègue Emmanuel Brun pour avoir corrigé les epsa rtein français de cette Thèse, et à
mes collègues de bureau, dans l’ordre chronolog iqAuneka, Sukhena, Charlène et Fanny,
pour m’avoir si gentiment supporté!
I want to extend my thanks to the ESRF scienotfitfwica rse group, and in particular to
Claudio Ferrero, for his continuous helpfulnesss, ehnithusiasm and the many
suggestions on how to perform the parallel calicounlas ton the ESRF cluster.
I am grateful to the Institute of Forensic Med iocifn ethe Ludwig-Maximilians University
(Munich, Germany) for providing the biological lesasm tphat I imaged in this work.
This Thesis would not have been possible withouet ftihnancial support from the
German Cluster of Excellence “Munich Centre for anAdcevd Photonics”, which is
gratefully acknowledged.
I am very happy now to thank the people that hemlpee dindirectly in this Thesis by
supporting and encouraging me during these threaer sy.e A special thanks to my friend
Francesco, with whom I shared many good momenet s,jo ktehs, the music, the food and,
not last, the difficult months of the Thesis rioend ac(tFrancesco, grazie per la tua
“agreabile” compagnia!). I want to thank also iemndy fCrarlo, for the continuous
tel-00602998, version 1 - 24 Jun 2011support during the good and bad moments and a ll wtohnederful days of skiing we
shared together!
I am glad I had the occasion to meet some veriayl speocple here in Grenoble, my
friends Amalia, Angelo, Carlo M., Davide, ErImimnia, Irene, Loredana, Maria, Neda,
Raffa, Seb, Sheeba, Silvia, Valentina. I will brerm ealml the nice moments and outings
together in Grenoble, the mountains, the dinnheers ,la utghs… And also all the lunches
at the canteen and the discussions at the cafe,t ear iaray of sunshine in my working day!
Thanks also to Carmen and Elena, whom I met or naly sfhoort period. I enjoyed your
company, your good mood and spirit. Espero qupeo dnaoms os encontrar pronto!
Infine un ringraziamento speciale alla mia fam,ig licahe nonostante la lontananza mi ha
sempre sostenuto nelle mie scelte e costantemenntceo riaggiato. Ringrazio di cuore in
particolare i miei genitori, i miei nonni e fir amteiellii Henri e André.
Grenoble, March 2011
tel-00602998, version 1 - 24 Jun 2011Index
Introduction 1
Introduction en français 5
1 Cartilage and breast tissues imaging 11
1.1 Cartilage and osteoarthritis ....................................................................................... 12
1.1.1 The joint anatomy and its modifications in osteoarthritis.............................. 12
1.1.2 Limitations of existing techniques for cartilage imaging .............................. 15
1.2 Breast ........................................................................................................................ 19
1.2.1 Breast anatomy and related cancers............................................................... 20
1.2.2 Limitations of existing techniques for breast imaging .................................. 22
1.3 Conclusions and perspectives ................................................................................... 24
2 Phase-contrast imaging 27
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 28
2.2 The complex refractive index and the phase contrast ............................................... 29
2.3 X-ray partial coherence ............................................................................................. 32
2.4 Propagation-based imaging ....................................................................................... 34
2.4.1 General PBI formalism .................................................................................. 37
2.4.2 Phase retrieval in the mixed TIE-CTF approach ........................................... 39
2.4.3 PBI coherence requirements and spatial resolution ....................................... 40
2.5 Analyzer-based imaging ........................................................................................... 42
2.5.1 General ABI formalism ................................................................................. 43
2.5.2 Geometrical optics approximation ................................................................ 44
2.5.3 Image contrast and sensitivity in ABI ........................................................... 47
2.5.4 ABI coherence requirements and spatial resolution ...................................... 48
2.6 Grating interferometry .............................................................................................. 49
2.6.1 General GIFM formalism .............................................................................. 50
2.6.2 Phase stepping method .................................................................................. 52
2.6.3 Coherence requirements and spatial resolution ............................................. 54
2.7 Overview of the state of the art in cartilage and breast phase-contrast imaging ....... 55
2.7.1 Phase-contrast imaging of cartilage ............................................................... 55
2.7.2 Phase-contrast imaging of breast ................................................................... 57
3 Experimental implementation and methods 65
3.1 X-ray sources ............................................................................................................ 66
3.1.1 X-ray tubes .................................................................................................... 66
3.1.2 Synchrotron radiation facilities ....................................................................