Controlling the release of the drugs Propranolol and Persantin from sol-gel materials by molecular interactions and particle engineering [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Geo Paul

Geo Paul

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Informations

• Publié par: westfalische_wilhelms-universitat_munster
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 16 Mo

Extrait

Physikalische Chemie





CONTROLLING THE RELEASE OF THE DRUGS PROPRANOLOL
AND PERSANTIN FROM SOL-GEL MATERIALS BY
MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS AND PARTICLE ENGINEERING




INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION

zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Naturwissenschaften
in der NRW Graduate School of Chemistry
im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie
der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster




vorgelegt von
Geo Paul
aus Thrissur-Kerala, Indien

-March 2007-
































Dekan: Prof. Dr. F. E. Hahn
Erster Gutachter: PD Dr. H. Koller
Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. -D. Wiemhöfer
Tag der Disputation: …25/04/2007…………… Promotion: 7……………



















Für Jijo





























Acknowledgements
I would like to thank all the people who have helped me in any respect for the
realisation of this thesis.
First and foremost, I wish to thank my principal mentor, PD Dr. H. Koller, for giving
me the opportunity to undertake this project. His advice and guidance over the last three
and half years have been highly appreciated. I would like to thank him for sending me
overseas and within Germany on a number of occasions to present my work at
conferences and to collaborate with other scientists, where I gained a great deal of
valuable experience. I am thankful to him for the freedom and moral support he gave me
throughout the PhD period. I truly think, look at and act in the world differently due to
Hubert’s influence. Hubert has been so much more than just the PhD advisor that he is
beyond categorization. He has been the best friend, mentor, teacher and companion.
Thanks, Hubert.
I wish to thank Prof. Wiemhöfer for being my co-mentor and reviewing the thesis in a
tight time schedule. I also thank Prof. Schönhoff for being my co-mentor and for valuable
discussions.
I would like to acknowledge the international NRW Graduate School of Chemistry
and the department of physical chemistry for the financial support. I would like to
express my additional thanks to GSC and Dr. Koller, Dr. Elbers and Uta for many
scientific and cultural opportunities provided during my studies.
Thanks also must go to Prof. Eckert for fruitful discussions and providing resources.
I also wish to thank PD Dr. van Wüllen for suggesting the HETCOR experiment.
I am grateful to the following people for their assistance to characterize my gels.
DRT measurements were done with the help of Mr. Scherges at Landesinstitut für den
Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst NRW (lögd), Münster. SEM measurements were done by
Herr Göcke, Falko and Frau Lammers.
I owe a huge debt of thanks to Dr. Steuernagel of Bruker Biospin, whose advice on
my 2D NMR data has proven invaluable. I would also like to thank him for the time he
spend in Münster to set up the HETCOR experiment and for allowing me to use the
facilities at Bruker, Karlsruhe.
Thanks to all members, present and past, of AK Koller, AK Eckert, AK van Wüllen
and AK Schönhoff for assistance and helpful chats on NMR and also for their
friendliness and cooperation.
I want to thank Dr. Bögershausen for introducing me to sol-gel science and
experimental NMR, Jakob Kopp for providing hardware support, Dr. Meise-Gresch and
Wilma for scientific support, Sebastian Wegner and Hendrik Feldhues for IT support.
I owe my deepest thanks to Huong, Nina, Simone and Jan for their support,
interesting discussions and nice moments. I also wish to thank my student co-workers,
Thomas, Jan, Melanie, Daniel, Michael and Martin, for sharing nice time in the lab. I
have benefited from the work of Ansgar, Jan, Simone, Nina and my student co-workers.
VII
I express my sincere thanks to all my friends especially batchmates Sebastian,
Gawas, Panda, Jana and Raje for the precious moments, Carla, Roland, Loli, Maryam,
Liyi, Matthias, Yunus, and Svenja for a friendly atmosphere in Münster. Special thanks to
Sreeraj and Sebastian for providing a mallu atmosphere in Münster.
I wish to thank Münster Indian community, former and present, especially Dr.
Banhatti, Arijit, Sanju, Nitin, Ajay, Devidas, Rashmi, Srinidhi, Joyram, Rudra, Sabu,
Nirupam, Sonia, Barun, Chandan, Anil, Saleem, Abbas, Ashuthosh, Diptangshu, Sunil,
Modhu……
I would like to express my gratitude to David Laughman, Dr. Ralf van Bühren,
Hartwig Bouillon for their support and wonderful moments.
I wish to express my deepest thanks to Pattery uncle, aunty, Santhosh, Cyna, Bijosh,
Manjaly family, Caleb family, Mampilly family and Kizhakepaliam family for providing a
family atmosphere in Germany.
This thesis certainly would not have been possible without the love, support and
constant encouragement of my dad, mom and Jijo. I always remain indebted for
everything they have done for me. Above all I thank Him for everything…..

VIII Table of contents


Table of Contents

Acknowledgements……………………………………………….......VII
Table of Contents……………………………………………………....IX
List of Abbreviations………………………………………………..XIII
1. Introduction.................................................................................1
1.1 Objectives of the thesis ......................................................................... 1
1.2 Review of literature............................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Introduction to sol-gel science........................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Evaporation induced self assembly (EISA)....................................................... 4
1.2.3 Spray Drying...................................................................................................... 5
1.2.4 Controlled release .............................................................................................. 6
1.2.5 Organic-inorganic hybrid materials................................................................... 8
1.2.6 2D HETCOR NMR spectroscopy ..................................................................... 8
2. Theoretical Background............................................................11
2.1 Sol-gel processing ............................................................................... 11
2.2 Physisorption....................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Classification of pore sizes .............................................................................. 16
2.2.2 Types of adsorption isotherms......................................................................... 16
2.2.3 The BET Model ............................................................................................... 17
2.3 Semi-empirical equation for describing drug release ......................... 18
2.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance................................................................ 19
2.4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 19
2.4.2 Boltzmann distribution .................................................................................... 20
2.5 NMR of solids ..................................................................................... 21
2.5.1 Line broadening by Dipole-Dipole interactions .............................................. 21
2.5.2 Chemical shift interactions .............................................................................. 22
2.5.3 Long spin lattice relaxation times.................................................................... 24
2.5.4 Highly resolved solid state NMR spectra ........................................................ 25
2.5.5 2D NMR spectroscopy .................................................................................... 32
IX Table of contents

2.5.6 2D FSLG HETCOR NMR ...............................................................................33
2.6 Spray Drying: A theoretical investigation ...........................................34
3. Methods and Materials ............................................................. 40
3.1 Silica precursors...................................................................................40
3.2 Model Drugs and their physicochemical characteristics .....................41
3.2.1 Persantin...........................................................................................................41
3.2.2 Propranolol.......................................................................................................42
3.3 Preparation of Hybrid silica gels .........................................................43
3.3.1 Evaporation Induced Self Assembl