Coordinated control and maneuvering of a network of micro-satellites in formation [Elektronische Ressource] / by Arvind Krishnamurthy

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_paderborn
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 35
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Coordinated Control and Maneuvering of a
Network of Micro-satellites in Formation
DISSERTATION
submitted to the
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Computer Science and Mathematics
University of Paderborn
by
Arvind Krishnamurthy
in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of
doctor rerum naturalium
(Dr. rer. nat.)
Paderborn, Germany
August 9, 2007First, inevitably, the idea, the fantasy, the fairy tale. Then, the scienti c calculation.
Ultimately, ful llment crowns the dream.
-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, 1926.
c 2007
Arvind Krishnamurthy
All rights ReservedTo my beloved wife, MalavikaAcknowledgements
I would like to start by thanking my advisor, Prof. Dr. Michael Dellnitz, as this thesis
would not have been possible without his kind support, his probing questions, and his
remarkable patience. I cannot thank him enough for his invaluable guidance throughout
my time of research at Paderborn.
I am also grateful to my co-advisor, Prof. Dr. Franz Josef Rammig, who, ever cheerfully
and jovially motivated me during this research. I am indebted to him for always lending a
helpful hand.
I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Joachim Lueckel for providing helpful insights on
this thesis. I am grateful to Dr. Martin Ziegler and Dr. Kai Gehrs for accepting to be on
my examination board
I am ever grateful for the insightful inputs from Prof. Dr. Oliver Junge (presently in
Technical University of Munich) and Dr. Robert Preis, whose doors were always open for
any discussion.
I am indebted to the entire working group of Prof. Dellnitz for making my tenure at
Univeristy of Paderborn both pleasurable and resourceful. In particular, I would like to
thank Mirko Hessel-von Molo, Sina Ober-Bloebaum and, Stefan Sertl for their constant
support and engaging discussions.
I thank my colleagues from the working group of Prof. Rammig for their support. My
exciting joint work here, with Johannes Lessmann, is worth a special mention. We still
have many exciting projects in mind for the future!
My heartfelt gratitude to my ever supportive and patient wife Malavika, who endured
my long absence from home, late night university trips, and my constant bikering about
the satellites, with a beautiful smile. This thesis is hard to imagine without her help. I am
also thankful to my parents and brother, for their support and constant encouragement of
my plans to pursue a Ph.D.
Finally, this thesis is a blessing of my lord, Bhagwan Sri Sathya Sai Baba.
4Board of reviewers
Prof. Dr. Michael Dellnitz
Prof. Dr. Franz Rammig
Prof. Dr. Joachim Lueckel
Defended on August 9, 2007Abstract
Several currently planned space missions consist of a set of micro-satellites ying in a for-
mation. This enables a much higher functionality of the mission compared to missions
consisting of only a single large satellite. On the other hand, this introduces several new
problems,especiallyinthehandlingoftheformation. Besidestheirgeometricstructure,the
formation of micro-satellites also has a communication network among the micro-satellites
whichisthebasisforthecooperativebehaviorofthemicro-satellitesinordertoaccomplish
the overall aim of the mission.
The rst part of the research has resulted in the development of a new control law for the
controlled formation ight of micro-satellites in the halo-orbit proximity. In this process,
we also address the issue of stability of the formation based on the Laplacian eigenvalues,
modi ed stability radius, and hence, evaluate their performance. The central problem
addressed by this thesis is the problem of constructing an e cient non-linear control law
while considering the topology of the communication network of the micro-satellites. The
topology of this communication network can be a bottleneck in the operation of the forma-
tionbecausethetransmissionofinformationandthee cientcoordinationoftheformation
relies on this topology. This is particularly the case for a large number of micro-satellites
in the network. We consider the modi ed and a new developed structured stability radius
for the formation of micro-satellites to analyze their behavior in response to some destabi-
lizing factors which are the case in the most realistic scenarios where the micro-satellites
are deployed. Finally, we achieve the non-linear control law which includes the “formation
keeping control” and “leader follower control” to achieve the e cient controlled formation
ight in a periodic orbit which is a result of solving the Hill’s equation.
In the second part, we derive a multi-level multi-metric clusterization technique to solve
the problem of accommodating larger number of micro-satellites in the formation while
maintaining the required small distances for optical interferometry. We consider the sensor
networkofthemicro-satelliteswhichresultduetotheinter-micro-satellitesensingandalso
the sensing of the outer-space data by the space telescopes. We derive a hierarchical multi-
metric algorithm for the clusterization of the micro-satellites in the formation. We achieve
the desired goal of hexagon of hexagons and further on if required by our clusterization
algorithm and compare it with the traditional greedy algorithms to show it e ciency.
6Zussamenfassung
Mehrere gegenwrtig geplante Raumfahrtmissionen sehen eine Menge von Mikrosatelliten
vor, die in einer Formation iegen. Dies ermglicht eine weit grere Funktionalitt verglichen
mit einer Mission, in der nur ein einziger groer Satellit eingesetzt wird. Auf der anderen
Seite bringt dies mehrere neue Probleme mit sich, insbesondere was die Handhabung
der Formation angeht. Auer durch ihre geometrische Struktur ist eine Mikrosatelliten-
Formation durch ein Kommunkationsnetzwerk gekennzeichnet, das die Basis fr das koop-
erativeVerhaltenderMikrosatellitenist, welchesfrdasGesamtzielderMissionerforderlich
ist. Der erste Teil der Forschungsarbeit hat zur Entwicklung eines neuen Kontrollgesetzes
fr den kontrollierten Formations ug der Mikrosatelliten in Halo-Umlaufbahn Nhe gefhrt.
Dabei wird auch der Aspekt der Formationsstabilitt auf der Basis der Laplace Eigenwerte,
desmodi ziertenStabilittsradiusbercksichtigtundsomitihreLeistungsfhigkeituntersucht.
Das zentrale Problem, das in dieser Arbeit behandelt wird, ist das Problem der Konstruk-
tion eines e zienten nicht-linearen Kontrollgesetzes unter Bercksichtigung der Topologie
des Kommunikationsnetzwerks der Mikrosatelliten. Die Topologie dieses Kommunikation-
snetzwerks kann ein Flaschenhals im Betrieb der Formation sein, da die bertragung von
Informationen und die e ziente Koordination der Formation von dieser Topologie abh-
ngt. Das ist insbesondere fr eine grere Anzahl von Mikrosatelliten im Netzwerk der Fall.
Wir betrachten den modi zierten und einen neu entwickelten strukturierten Stabilittsra-
dius fr Mikrosatelliten-Formationen und analysieren ihr Reaktionsverhalten auf einige
destabilisierende Faktoren, welche in den realistischsten Einsatzgebieten von Mikrosatel-
liten vorkommen. Schlielich erhalten wir das nicht-lineare Kontrollgesetz, welches die
”Formationserhaltungs-Kontrolle” und die ”Leiter-Nachfolger-Kontrolle” enthlt, um einen
e zienten kontrollierten Formations ug in einer periodischen Umlaufbahn zu erreichen,
die das Resultat der Lsung der Hill-Gleichungen ist.
Im zweiten Teil entwickeln wir eine Multi-Metrik Mehrschicht Cluster-Bildungs-Technik,
umdasProblemgrererZahlenvonMikrosatellitenineinerFormationzulsen, wobeidieer-
forderlichen kleinen Distanzen fr optische Interferometrie aufrechterhalten werden mssen.
Wir betrachten das Sensor Netzwerk aus Mikrosatelliten mit Inter-Satelliten-Messungen
und Messungen des Alls durch Weltraumteleskope. Wir entwickeln einen hierarchischen
Multi-Metrik Algorithmus zur Cluster- Bildung der Mikrosatelliten in der Formation.
Wir erreichen das gewnschte Ziel der Hexagonen von Hexagonen (und, falls von unserem
Cluster-Bildungs-Algorithmus gefordert, darber hinaus) und vergleichen es mit einem tra-
ditionellen Greedy-Algorithmus, um die E zienz zu zeigen.
7Contents
1 Introduction 12
1.1 Formation of Vehicles: Micro-satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 Outline of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.2.1 Formation of Micro-satellites in the Halo Orbit Proximity . . . . . . 18
1.2.2 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.3 Chapter Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2 A Standard Approach: Linear Modeling of the Formation 26
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2 The Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2.1 Graph Laplacian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2.2 The Dynamics of the Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2.2.1 Inter-microsatellite Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2.2.2 Entire Formation Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3 Stability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.4.1 Formation of Three Micro-satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.4.2 Formation of Four and Five Micro-satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32