Design, Synthesis and Characterizationof Biocompatible Quantum Dots forApplication in BiophysicsDissertationzur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat.der Fakult¨ at fur¨ Naturwissenschaftender Univertit¨ at UlmVorgelegt vonDipl.-Chem. Vladimir V. Breusaus Kazan/RusslandJanuary 2008ContentsList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Introduction 7Quantum Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8I Theoretical Basis 111 Introduction to Quantum Dots 131.1 Principles oftum Dot Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1.1 Quantum Confinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1.2 Size-Dependent Optical Properties of Quantum Dots . . . 151.2 Structure of CdSe Quantum Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.2.1 Crystallographic Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.2.2 Surface Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.3 Core/Shell Quantum Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Synthesis of Quantum Dots 212.1 CdSe Quantum Dots: Evolution ofOrganometallic Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2 Mechanism of Crystallization of CdSe Quantum Dots . . . . . . . 222.3 Alternative CdSe Synthesis Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.
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