Dispersal: triggers, traits, and fitness consequences in common voles (Microtus arvalis) [Elektronische Ressource] / von Jörg Hahne

Joerg Miedza

Informations

• Publié par: friedrich-schiller-universitat_jena
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: Deutsch

Extrait

DISPERSAL: TRIGGERS, TRAITS, AND FITNESS
CONSEQUENCES IN COMMON VOLES (MICROTUS ARVALIS)






Dissertation

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor rerum naturalis (Dr. rer. nat.)



vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Parmazeutischen Fakultät
der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena



von Dipl.-Biol. Jörg Hahne
geboren am 27. März 1975 in Cuxhaven






JENA, JANUAR 2009



























1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Halle
2. Gutachter: Dr. Gerald Heckel
3. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Nils Christian Stenseth

Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung/Rigorosum: ……………………….













- MEINER FAMILIE GEWIDMET - CONTENTS i
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
State of the art – what is known?.............................................................................................3
Methodical approaches and associated problems ..................................................................5
Agenda – what I did ..................................................................................................................6
GENERAL METHODS
Field side and trapping .............................................................................................................7
Identification of dispersers .......................................................................................................9
Transfer of dispersers10
Molecular analyses10
EMIGRATION IN COMMON VOLE DISPERSERS: TRIGGERS AND TRAITS
Abstract....................................................................................................................................12
Introduction .............................................................................................................................13
Methods.....14
Parentage assignment and statistics .....................................................................................15
Results.......15
Proximate triggers for dispersal ...........................................................................................16
Morphological traits of dispersers........................................................................................17
Reproductive and genetic traits of dispersers.......................................................................19
Discussion.................................................................................................................................20
Emigration triggers...............................................................................................................21 22
Genetic traits of dispersers ...................................................................................................23
SPATIO-TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF COMMON VOLE DISPERSERS
Abstract.....25
Introduction .............................................................................................................................26
Methods.....28
Activity recording..................................................................................................................28
Statistics.29
Results ......................................................................................................................................30
Spatial distribution and activity ............................................................................................31
Temporal avoidance and emigration timing .........................................................................33
Effects on resident population...............................................................................................35
Discussion..35
Spatio-temporal activity ........................................................................................................36
Spatio-temporal avoidance ...................................................................................................37 39
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................39
ESTABLISHMENT AND FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF IMMIGRATING VOLE DISPERSERS
Abstract.....41
Introduction .............................................................................................................................42
Methods.....43
Parentage assignment ...........................................................................................................43
Results.......44
Demographic changes in enclosures.....................................................................................44
Factors associated with dispersal.........................................................................................46
Parentage assignment48
CONTENTS ii
Discussion.................................................................................................................................50
Causes of dispersal................................................................................................................50
Sex differences in dispersal...................................................................................................51
Immigration success and determining factors ......................................................................52
Consequences of dispersal ....................................................................................................53
Conclusion and prospects .....................................................................................................53
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................54
DISPERSAL: DEMOGRAPHIC AND GENETIC IMPLICATIONS IN ENCLOSED VOLE POPULATIONS
Abstract.....56
Introduction .............................................................................................................................57
Methods.....58
Statistical analyses ................................................................................................................58
Results.......59
Demography and social interactions ....................................................................................59
Genetic implications..............................................................................................................62
Discussion..64
Impact of dispersal65
Application to natural systems ..............................................................................................66
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................67
THE IMPACT OF THE DOMINO-EFFECT ON DEMOGRAPHY AND GENETIC HETEROZYGOSITY IN
DIFFERENT TYPES OF METAPOPULATIONS - A MODEL APPROACH (manuskript in progress)
Introduction .............................................................................................................................69
Methods.....69
Model structure .....................................................................................................................69
Population assumption/Demographic structure ...................................................................70
Dispersal assumptions...........................................................................................................70
Genetic structure...................................................................................................................71
Results.......72
GENERAL DISCUSSION
Application of the experimental model system.....................................................................76
Emigration ...............................................................................................................................77
Morphological, behavioral, and genetic traits of dispersers................................................77
Triggers for dispersal............................................................................................................79
Immigration and consequences..............................................................................................80
Establishment and fitness of dispersers ................................................................................80
Demographic and genetic implications.................................................................................82
Domino-effect vs. simple immigration...................................................................................83
SUMMARY.......84
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.....................................................................................................................86
LITERATURE CITED.......................................................................................................................89
DANKSAGUNG ...............................................................................................................................95
CURRICULUM VITAE96
SELBSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG ............................................................................................... 100


GENERAL INTRODUCT