Diverging trends of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits between 1998 and 2010

De, Accordini Simone, Corsico, Cerveri Isa, Antonicelli Leonardo, Attena Francesco, Bono Roberto, Casali Lucio, Ferrari Marcello, Fois Alessandro, Marchetti Pierpaolo, Pirina Pietro, Tassinari Roberta, Verlato Giuseppe

Description

No study has been carried out on the time trend in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) in recent years, despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance. We evaluated the trend in CB prevalence during the past decade among young Italian adults. Methods A screening questionnaire was mailed to general population samples of 20–44 year-old subjects in two cross-sectional surveys: the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998/2000; n = 18,873, 9 centres) and the screening stage of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007/2010; n = 10,494, 7 centres). CB was defined as having cough and phlegm on most days for a minimum of 3 months a year and for at least 2 successive years. The prevalence rates and the risk ratios (RRs) for the association between CB and each potential predictor were adjusted for gender, age, season of response, type of contact, cumulative response rate, and centre. Results CB prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.1-12.9%) in 1998/2000 and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.7-13.7%) in 2007/2010; it increased among never smokers (from 7.6 to 9.1%, p = 0.003), current light smokers (<15 pack-years; from 15.1 to 18.6%, p < 0.001), and unemployed/retired subjects (from 14.3 to 19.1%, p = 0.001). In this decade, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (from 33.6 to 26.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of unemployment/premature retirement (from 5.3 to 6.0%, p = 0.005), asthma (from 5.0 to 6.2%, p = 0.003), and allergic rhinitis (from 19.5 to 24.5%, p < 0.001) increased. In both 1998/2000 and 2007/2010, the likelihood of having CB was significantly higher for women, current smokers, asthmatic patients, and subjects with allergic rhinitis. During this period, the strength of the association between CB and current heavy smoking (≥15 pack-years) decreased (RR: from 4.82 to 3.57, p = 0.018), whereas it increased for unemployment/premature retirement (from 1.11 to 1.53, p = 0.019); no change was observed for gender, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Conclusions Despite the significant reduction in current smoking, CB prevalence did not vary among young Italian adults. The temporal pattern of CB prevalence can only be partly explained by the increase of unemployment/premature retirement, .

Sujets

• Allergic rhinitis
• Asthma
• Chronic bronchitis
• Tobacco smoking
• Epidemiology

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English

Extrait

Accordiniet al. Respiratory Research2013,14:16 http://respiratoryresearch.com/content/14/1/16

R E S E A R C HOpen Access Diverging trends of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits between 1998 and 2010 1* 22 34 5 Simone Accordini, Angelo Guido Corsico , Isa Cerveri , Leonardo Antonicelli , Francesco Attena , Roberto Bono , 6 7 81 85 Lucio Casali , Marcello Ferrari , Alessandro Fois , Pierpaolo Marchetti , Pietro Pirina , Roberta Tassinari , 1 1 Giuseppe Verlatoand Roberto de Marco

Abstract Background:No study has been carried out on the time trend in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) in recent years, despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance. We evaluated the trend in CB prevalence during the past decade among young Italian adults. Methods:A screening questionnaire was mailed to general population samples of 20–44 yearold subjects in two crosssectional surveys: the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998/2000; n= 18,873, 9 centres) and the screening stage of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007/2010; n= 10,494, 7 centres). CB was defined as having cough and phlegm on most days for a minimum of 3 months a year and for at least 2 successive years. The prevalence rates and the risk ratios (RRs) for the association between CB and each potential predictor were adjusted for gender, age, season of response, type of contact, cumulative response rate, and centre. Results:CB prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.112.9%) in 1998/2000 and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.713.7%) in 2007/2010; it increased among never smokers (from 7.6 to 9.1%, p= 0.003),current light smokers (<15 packyears; from 15.1 to 18.6%, p< 0.001),and unemployed/retired subjects (from 14.3 to 19.1%, p= 0.001).In this decade, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (from 33.6 to 26.9%, p <0.001), whereas the prevalence of unemployment/premature retirement (from 5.3 to 6.0%, p= 0.005),asthma (from 5.0 to 6.2%, p= 0.003),and allergic rhinitis (from 19.5 to 24.5%, p< 0.001)increased. In both 1998/2000 and 2007/2010, the likelihood of having CB was significantly higher for women, current smokers, asthmatic patients, and subjects with allergic rhinitis. During this period, the strength of the association between CB and current heavy smoking (≥=15 packyears) decreased (RR: from 4.82 to 3.57, p 0.018), whereas it increased for unemployment/premature retirement (from 1.11 to 1.53, p= 0.019);no change was observed for gender, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Conclusions:Despite the significant reduction in current smoking, CB prevalence did not vary among young Italian adults. The temporal pattern of CB prevalence can only be partly explained by the increase of unemployment/ premature retirement, asthma and allergic rhinitis, and suggests that other factors could have played a role. Keywords:Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Chronic bronchitis, Cigarette smoking, Epidemiology

* Correspondence: [e-mail] 1 Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, c/o Istituti Biologici II, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

© 2013 Accordini et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.