Dose titration, tolerance and compatibility of some feed additives in broiler [Elektronische Ressource] / presented by Khan Md. Shaiful Islam

Gropp

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_hohenheim
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim
Prof. Dr.agr. Dr.med.vet.habil. Dr.h.c. Winfried Drochner

and

Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics,
University of Leipzig
Prof. Dr. Jürgen M. Gropp





Dose Titration, Tolerance and Compatibility
of Some Feed Additives in Broiler



Dissertation
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences

to the

Faculty Agricultural Sciences



presented by

Khan Md. Shaiful Islam
Dhaka, Bangladesh


2005





























This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences by the Faculty Agricultural Sciences at University of
thHohenheim, on 20 July, 2005.

thDate of oral examination: 20 July, 2005

Examination Committee
Supervisor and Review Prof. Dr.agr. Dr. med.vet.habil. Dr.h.c. Winfried Drochner
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Faculty Agricultural Sciences,
University of Hohenheim
Co-Reviewer Prof. Dr. Jürgen M. Gropp te of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics,
Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig
Additional examiner Prof. Dr.sc.agr. Werner Bessei
Farm Animal Etholgy and Poultry Production,
Faculty Agriculural Sciences, University of Hohenheim
Vice-Dean and Head
of the Committee Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rolf Blaich
















Dedicated to my daughter

Fatin Anzum Khan (Tuntal)







List of Abbreviations
Abbreviations Meaning
AA Amino acids
ALP Alkaline phosphatase
ALT Alanine aminotransferase
AST Aspartate aminotransferase
CA Citric acid
CHO Carbohydrate
CP Crudeprotein
CF Crude fat
CK Creatinekinase
DMI Dry matter intake
DM Dry matter
EE Ether extract
FCE Feed conversion efficiency
FI Feed intake
FA Fumaric acid
FCR Feed conversion ratio
GE Gross energy
GI Gastro-intestinal
GIT Gastro-intestinatract
γ-GT Gamma-glutamyl transferase
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
HA Humic acid (s)
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
LWG Live weight gain
ME Metabolizable energy
MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration
MRL Maximum residue limit
NVFA Non volatile fatty acid
N Nitrogen
NFE Nitrogen-free-extract
SCFA Short chain fatty acid
TGAC Technical grade active constituent
TCA Tricarboxilic acid cycle
VFA Volatile fatty acid










(i)
Index

Title Page
1 1. Introduction
3 2. Review of Literature
3 2.1 Fumaric Acid in Animal Agriculture
2.1.1 Availability and Chemistry 3
2.1.2 Metabolic Role of Fumaric Acid in the Organism 4
2.1.3 Fumaric Acid Improves Nutritive Value in Animal 5
2.1.4 Antimicrobial Effect of Fumaric Acid 5
2.1.5 Growth Performance of Animal due to Fumaric Acid 8
2.1.6 Medicinal Use of Fumaric Acid 10
2.1.6.1 Treatment of Psoriasis 10
2.1.6.2 Effect on Carcinogenesis 11
2.1.6.3 Against fungal infection 11
2.1.6.4 Miscellaneous 11
2.1.7 Carcass Quality of Broiler Fed Fumaric Acid 11
2.1.7 Conclusions 11
12 2.2 Humic Acid Substances in Animal Agriculture
2.2.1 Concept of Humic Acid 12
2.2.1.1 Humus 12
2.2.1.2 Humic Acids
2.2.1.3 Fulvic 13
2.2.1.4 Phenolic Acids
2.2.2 Chemical Structure of Humic Acid 13
2.2.3 Bioavailability and Composition of Humic Acid Products 13
2.2.4 Humic Acids as Feed Additive 14
2.2.4.1 Improves Performance by Increasing Nutritive Value of the 14
Feed
2.2.4.2 Animal Performance Compared to Antibiotic Growth Promoter 15
2.2.5 Health Value of Humic Acid Substances 15
2.2.5.1 Blood Parameters 16
2.2.5.2 Mineral Transfer
2.2.5.3 Stress Management 16
2.2.5.4 Microbial Interaction 17
2.2.5.6 Immune System 17
2.2.5.7 Anti-inflammatory Properties 17


(ii)
Index (cont.)

Title Page
2.2.5.8 Anti-Viral Properties 17
2.2.5.9 Liver Effects 18
2.2.5.10 Odour Reduction 18
2.2.6 Residue in Food Material 18
2.2.7 Conclusion 18
19 2.3 Coadministration of Semduramicin and Tiamulin in Animal
Production
2.3.1 Semduramicin is an Anticoccidial Substance 19
2.3.1.1 Physico-chemical Characteristics of Semduramicin 19
2.3.1.2 Efficacy Study of Semduramicin 19
2.3.1.3 Semduramicin on the Performance of Broiler 20
2.3.1.4 Conclusion 20
2.3.2 Tiamulin is a Semisynthetic Antibiotic 21
2.3.2.1 In vitro Susceptibility of Mycoplasma strains against Tiamulin 21
2.3.2.2 Microbial Resistance to Tiamulin 22
2.3.2.3 In vivo Effectiveness of Tiamulin 22
2.3.2.4 Effect of Tiamulin on the Performance of the Animal 22
2.3.2.5 Interaction of Tiamulin with other Drugs in Farm Animals 23
25 3. Animals, Materials and Methods
3.1 25 Animals
25 3.2 Experimental Designs
3.2.1 Experiment 1, Fumaric Acid 25
3.2.2 Experiment 2, Humic Acid 25
3.2.3 Experiment 3, Interference Study with Semduramicin and 26
Tiamulin
3.2.3.1 Compatibility Study 26
3.2.3.2 Carcass Quality after Withdrawal of Semduramicin 26
27 3.3 Duration of the Trials
27 3.4 Experimental Diets
3.4.1 Rations for Experiment 1 27
3.4.2 Experiment 2 27
3.4.3 Rations for Experiment 3 29
31 3.5 Housing and Management


(iii)
Index (cont.)

Title Page
3.5.1 Experiment 1 32
3.5.2 Experiment 2 33
3.5.3 Experiment 3 33
34 3.6 Parameters
3.6.1 Experiment 1 34
3.6.2 Experiment 2 34
3.6.3 Experiment 3 34
35 3.7 Sampling
3.7.1 Feed 35
3.7.2 Birds for necropsy/blood sampling/semduramicin withdrawal trial 35
3.7.3 Blood 35
3.7.4 Tiamulin containing water 35
35 3.8 Chemical Analysis
35 3.9 Calculation and Statistical Analysis
36 4. Results
36 4.1 Fumaric Acid, Experiment 1
4.1.1 Growth Performance 36
4.1.2 Feed Intake 37
4.1.3 Feed Conversion Efficiency 38
4.1.4 Pathological Condition and Organ Weight 39
41 4.2 Humic Acid on the Performance and Health of Broiler
4.2.1 Growth Performance 41
4.2.2 Feed Intake 42
4.2.3 Feed Conversion Efficiency 43
4.2.4 Pathological Condition and Weight of different Organs 44
46 4. 3 Coadministration of Semduramicin and Tiamulin in Broiler
4.3.1 Course of the Trial 46
4.3.2 Growth Performance 47
4.3.3 Feed Intake 49
4.3.4 Feed Conversion Efficiency 49
th st4.3.5 Daily Water and Feed Intake During 15 to 21 Day 50
4.3.6 Blood Chemistry and Enzyme activities, Experiment 3 52
4.3.7 Pathology f Selected Birds After Feeding Trial 55

(iv)
Index (cont.)

Title Page
56 4.4 Growth and Carcass Characteristics of broilers after 5-8 days
withdrawal of Semduramicin
4.4.1 Carcass Traits 56
4.4.2 Chemical composition of edible parts of carcass 58
4.4.3 Sensory Characteristics 58
60 5. Discussion
60 5.1 Fumaric Acid
5.1.1 Growth, Feed Consumption and Feed Efficiency 60
5.1.2 Mortality, Health Status and Organ Weight 63
63 5.2 Humic Acid
66 5.3 Coadministration of Semduramicin and Tiamulin
5.3.1 Growth, Feed Consumption, Feed Efficiency and Water Intake 66
5.3.2 Blood Parameters After Compatibility Study 68
5.3.3 Clinical Effect due to Coadministration of Semduramicin and 69
Tiamulin
5.3.4 Conclusions 70
70 5.4 Carcass Characteristics in female Broilers fed Semduramicin
for 5 Weeks followed by a Withdrawal Period of 5-8 Days.
71 6. Summary
73 7. Zusammenfassung
75 8. Literature Cited













(v)
List of Tables

Title Page
1 Metabolic importance of fumaric acid in animal 5
2 Effect of fumaric acid on the nutritive value of feed in animal 6
3 Chicken intestinal microflora in percentage 6
4 Gastro-intestinal tract content pH in broiler 7
5 Use of fumaric acid as antimicrobial substance in animal feed 8
6 Use of FA as growth promoter in pigs 9
7 s growth promoter in avian species 9
8 Antimicrobial sensitivity ranges of various antimicrobials against 21
different Mycoplasma between 1975 and 1989
9 Antimicrobial sensitivity ranges of various antimicrobials against 22
different 90 and 2000
10 Layout of Experiment 1 25
11 Experiment 2 26
12 Layout of Experiment 3 26
13 Composition of diets, Experiment 1 28
14 Chemical Composition of the Diets, Experiment 1 28
15 Composition of diets, Experiment 2 29
16 Chemical Composition of the Diets, Experiment 2 29
17 3 30
18 Chemical Composition of the Diets, Experiment 3 30
19 Analysed Tiamulin Concentrations, Experim