Dynamics in highly skilled migration [Elektronische Ressource] : a European perspective / vorgelegt von Johanna Avato

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Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Dynamics in Highly Skilled Migration:
A European Perspective







Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen






vorgelegt von







Johanna Avato


aus Hannover







2009






































Dekan: Professor Dr. Kerstin Pull
Erstkorrektor: Professor Dr. Heinz Gert Preusse
Zweitkorrektor: Professor Dr. Joerg Baten
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 21.04.2009 Acknowledgements
I wrote this thesis as a doctoral student of the Eberhard-Karls University of
Tuebingen. During this time I was also a Visiting Scholar at the Institute for the Study of
International Migration at Georgetown University and a consultant for the World Bank’s
Labor Market Team in the Human Development Network. These institutions and many
colleagues have supported me in accomplishing my thesis and I would like to express my
gratitude for this support.
First of all, I would like to thank Professor Dr. Heinz Gert Preusse for his
invaluable guidance and encouragement during my years as a student at the University of
Tuebingen and now in his capacity as my dissertation supervisor.
Further, I would like to thank Professor Lindsay Lowell from Georgetown
University who helped me in developing my expertise in migration, showed great interest
in my work and provided valuable comments throughout the course of my research.
My thesis has also benefitted greatly from the support of Professor Frederic
Docquier of the University of Louvain and Dr. Abdeslam Marfouk of the University of
Brussels. I had the opportunity to work together with them and develop a new data set in
international migration. I thank them for their cooperation and for providing me with
valuable comments and ideas for my thesis and their patience in answering all my
questions.
Moreover, I would like to thank Professor Francis Vella and Professor Daniel
Westbrook at Georgetown University, Johannes Koettl, Caglar Ozden, David McKenzie,
Michael Lokshin, and Milan Vodopivec of the World Bank, Michel Beine of the
University of Luxemboug, Olivier Lohest of the University of Louvain, Christoph
Trebesch at the Hertie School of Government, Ines Pelger at the University of Munich as
well as the participants of the conferences and workshops I attended for their valuable
comments and methodological support.
I would also like to thank the European Training Foundation in Turin for providing
me access to the valuable dataset I used in the second part of my thesis and for letting me
contribute to their research in migration and skills.
I am grateful for the financial support I received from the Landesstiftung Baden-
Wuerttemberg, the German Academic Exchange Service and particularly the Klaus
Tschira Foundation.
Finally, I would like to thank my husband Patrick who greatly supported me
throughout my research. Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Tables...................................................................................................................................2
Figures..................................................................................................................................2
1 MOTIVATION........................................................................................................3
2 THEORY AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF HIGHLY SKILLED
MIGRATION.......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Static Impacts of Skilled Migration……………………………….............6
2.2 Dynamics in Skilled Migration:……………………………………….....10
2.2.1 Determinants of Migration……………………………………….11
2.2.2 Selection of Migration…………………………………………...12
2.2.3 The Feedback Effects…………………………………………….15
3 HIGHLY SKILLED MIGRATION AND THE EU..............................................18
3.1 The composition of immigration to and emigration from the EU……….19
3.2 Why is the EU different?...........................................................................27
3.2.1 Research and Development (R&D) in the EU…………….……..27
3.2.2 EU History of migration and skill composition………………….32
3.2.2.1 Post War Migration and Guest Worker Programs……………….32
3.2.2.2 Family Reunification and Humanitarian Migration……………...33
3.3 Policy Options……………………………………………………………37
3.3.1 Options in Higher Education…………………………………….37
3.3.2 Options in R&D………………………………………………….38
3.3.3 Immigration Policy………………………………………………39
4 STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH...................................................................41
5 References..............................................................................................................45

Chapter 2 Highly Skilled Europeans in the US Labor Market
Tables ................................................................................................................................58
Figures................................................................................................................................58
1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................59
2 FOREIGN SKILLS AND ASSIMILATION ........................................................61 2.1 Theory of Assimilation…………………………………………………..61
2.2 Propositions on Intra-European Differences……………………………..62
2.2.1 Place of Education (POE)………………………………………..63
2.2.2 Economic Factors in the Home Country…………………………64
2.2.3 Aspects in Immigration Policy…………………………………...66
3 DATA ....................................................................................................................67
4 RESULTS..............................................................................................................68
4.1 Stylized Facts…………………………………………………………….69
4.2 Regression Analysis……………………………………………………...76
5 POLICYIMPLICATIONS.....................................................................................81
6 References..............................................................................................................85
7 Appendix................................................................................................................88
7.1 Regions…………………………………………………………………..88
7.2 Tables…………………………………………………………………….88
7.3 Additional Notes for Regression Analysis.………… …………...………90

Chapter 3 Migration Pressures and Immigration Policies: New Evidence on the
Selection of Migrants
Tables................................................................................................................................ 94
Figures................................................................................................................................94
1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................95
2 THEORY OF MIGRATION INTENTIONS AND SELECTIVITY....................97
2.1 Migration and Intentions………………………………………………...97
2.2 Selection of Migrants…………………………………………………...100
2.3 Immigration Policies and Selection…………………………………….101
3 DATA, STYLIZED FACTS AND ECONOMETRIC APPROACH..................104
3.1 The Survey Countries…………………………………………………..104
3.2 The Data…………………….……………..……………………………106
3.3 Econometric Approach…………………………………………………107
4 RESULTS............................................................................................................112
4.1 The Intent to Move. ……………………………………………………113
4.2 Realizing Migration under Immigration Policies………………………119 4.3 Destination Choice and Selection………………………………………126
5 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................132
6 References............................................................................................................135
7 Appendix..............................................................................................................142
7.1 The ETF Survey………………………………………………………...142
7.2 Tables…………………………………………………………………...143

Chapter 4 Dynamics of Migration with Diaspora and Counter-Diaspora
Externalities
Tables ….............………………………………………………………………………153
Figures.............................................................................................................................153
1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................154
2 FROM THEORY TO EMPIRICS.......................................................................157
2.1 The Model………………………………………………………………157
2.2 Empirical Model………………………………………………………..160
2.3 Econometric Issues……………………………………………………..161
3 DATA AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS................................................................163
3.1 Bilateral migration data………………………………………………....163
3.2 Other Data Sources……………………………………………