Effect of selenium supplementation from various dietary sources on the antioxidant and selenium status of dairy cows and trace element status in dairy herds [Elektronische Ressource] / von Salman Saeed

Salman Saeed

Informations

• Publié par: humboldt-universitat_zu_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 34
• Langue: English

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Effect of Selenium Supplementation from Various
Dietary Sources on the Antioxidant and Selenium
Status of Dairy Cows and
Trace Element Status in Dairy Herds
D i s s e r t a t i o n
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor rerum agriculturarum
(Dr. rer. agr.)
eingereicht an der
Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerischen Fakultät
der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
von
Salman Saeed, M.Sc (Hons.) Animal Nutrition
aus Pakistan
(geboren am 05.11.1974, Lahore)

Präsident
der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Christoph Markschies
Dekan der
Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerischen Fakultät
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Otto Kaufmann

Gutachter: 1. PD Dr. Helmut Schafft
2. Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 08. 03. 2010




2













In the sweet memories of my loving brother

Abul’Aala Sultan Saeed
(May Allah shower His blessings upon him)
who always inspired me towards higher ideals in life 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises be to Allah Almighty who bestowed upon me His uncountable and
immeasurable blessings. And peace be upon His noble messengers, the last of
whom was Prophet Muhammad (SAW), who brought the light of knowledge and
wisdom to the mankind.
Firstly, I am grateful to Dr. Claudia Kijora and Prof. Dr. Ortwin Simon, Director of the
Institute of Animal Nutrition FU, for their kind guidance towards my acceptance as
PhD student. I am heartily thankful to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek, whose
encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to
develop an understanding of the subject. I owe my deepest gratitude to Dr. Helmut
Schafft, for co-supervising my project and for especially giving his valuable
suggestions during the process of thesis writing and final submission. This project
would not have been possible without the sincere and kind cooperation extended by
Dr. Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt, Prof. Dr. Howard Hulan, Dr. Annabella Khol-
Parisini, Mrs. Heide-Marie Lochotzke and many friendly and supportive workers
taking care of the dairy facility at the Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR). I owe
my special thanks to Dr. Klaus Schäfer and Dr. Matthias Schreiner, Department of
Food Science and Technology, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Vienna, for the
valuable guidance and help in establishing the analytical methods. I am indebted to
Prof. Dr. Klaus Männer and Dr. Wilfried Vahjen for their kind help during the whole of
my stay at the institute.
I would like to thank my colleagues Anett Kriesten, Daniela Dinse, Petra Huck, Marita
Eitinger and Sybille Weinholz who have always been there to help me in the labs
whenever I needed. The limitation of space on this page bars me to mention the 4
names; however, I can’t forget the friendly environment offered by all other
colleagues in the institute of animal nutrition.
It would have a dream to complete my studies abroad without the devout prayers of
my parents, family, brother and sisters. Particularly, I feel myself greatly indebted to
my wife and my only son for their support in the form of patience, love and care they
offered to me and the whole family and how they kept the gap of my absence at
home filled.
Lastly, I offer my regards to all of those who supported me in any respect during the
completion of my studies. My friends Hafiz Zahid, Ahsanullah, Hafiz Haroon, Abdul
Jabbar, Usman, Husnain, Rizwan ul Haq, Qasim Mushtaq, Sulaiman Khan, Dr. Abid
Riaz, Adeel Zaffar, Ilyas Sadiq, Shahid Qureshi, Imtiaz Rabbani, Sultan, Haroon-ur-
Rasheed, Imran Gul, Waqas Latif and many others made it possible for me to feel “at
home” in Germany. I am also obliged to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of
Pakistan and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for granting me the
scholarship and my home institution for the study leave. The grant provided by the
Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie for the survey part
of this work and cooperation from Dr. Olaf Steinhöfel and Mrs. Fröhlich is also highly
acknowledged.
Thanks a lot to all of you!

Salman Saeed
December 18, 2009 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................. I
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................................. II
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. III
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ...................................................................................................................................... V
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... VIII
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ....................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 SELENIUM: FROM TOXICITY TO ESSENTIALITY .................................................................................... 3
2.2 SELENIUM AND MECHANISM OF OXIDATIVE STRESS .......................................................................... 4
2.3 METABOLISM OF SELENIUM IN MAMMALS ........................................................................................... 7
2.4 SELENIUM NUTRITION OF DAIRY COWS .............................................................................................. 9
2.5 BIOMARKERS FOR SELENIUM STATUS............................................................................................... 10
2.6 SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND SELENIUM STATUS ............................................................................... 13
2.7 MASTITIS SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SSTATUS14
2.8 MAMMARY GLAND IMMUNE SYSTEM – INTERACTIONS WITH SELENIUM ........................................... 15
2.8.1 Physical Barriers ......................................................................................................................... 16
2.8.2 Cellular Factors ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.8.3 Soluble Factors23
2.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS .................................................................................................................... 28
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................ 29
3.1 FEEDS AND ANIMALS29
3.2 SAMPLING .......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 CHEMICALS AND INSTRUMENTS ......................................................................................................... 31
3.4 ESTIMATION OF SELENIUM31
3.5 EANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ............................................................................................ 32
3.6 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 32
4. RESULTS..................... 33
4.1 COLOSTRUM AND MILK SELENIUM STATUS ...................................................................................... 33
4.2 MILK TROLOX EQUIVALENT ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (TEAC) ......................................................... 34
4.3 MILK PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 35
4.4 SERUM SELENIUM IN COWS .............................................................................................................. 36
4.5 SSELENIUM LEVEL IN CALVES ................................................................................................ 37
4.6 BODY MASS OF CALVES .................................................................................................................... 38
4.7 SERUM TEAC IN COWS..................................................................................................................... 39
4.8 S IN CALVES .................................................................................................................. 40
5. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................. 42
5.1 COLOSTRUM AND MILK SELENIUM STATUS ...................................................................................... 42
5.2 TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN MILK ............................................................................................ 44
5.3 MILK SELENIUM AND TEAC RELATIONSHIP45
5.4 MILK PRODUCTION46
5.5 SERUM SELENIUM CONTENT IN COWS .............................................................................................. 47
5.6 SELENIUM TRANSFER FROM COWS TO CAL