Experimental analysis, modeling and simulation of drop breakage in agitated turbulent liquid/liquid-dispersions [Elektronische Ressource] / Sebastian Maaß. Betreuer: Matthias Kraume

S.Maaß

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Experimental analysis, modeling and simulation
of drop breakage in agitated turbulent liquid/liquid-
dispersions




vorgelegt von
Diplom-Ingenieur
Sebastian Maaß
aus Neustrelitz




von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften
der Technischen Universität Berlin
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften
-Dr.-Ing.-

genehmigte Dissertation






Promotionsausschuss:
Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Sabine Enders
Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Kraume
Berichter: Prof. D.Sc. F.R.Eng. Alvin W. Nienow

Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 22.08.2011





Berlin 2011

D 83











What we know is a drop, what we don't know is an ocean."
- Sir Isaac Newton (*1643 - †1727)
i Acknowledgements
This work was carried out during my time as a research and teaching assistant at the Technische Univer-
sität Berlin, Germany at the Chair of Chemical & Process Engineering. This work was partly supported by the
Vinnolit GmbH and the Max-Buchner-Forschungsstiftung.


First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor Prof. Matthias Kraume for his help, support
and insights on the problems throughout my PhD project. I am very grateful for the freedom and trust I re-
ceived from him to develop own ideas. At the same time his thoughtful guidance kept me not to get lost in an
overwhelming broad field of research. I very much appreciated the numerous opportunities to attend several
international conferences, symposiums and workshops. It helped to direct research as well as to get in touch
with other researchers and methodologies from around the world.
I would also like to thank Prof. Alwin W. Nienow to take the time and energy to judge my thesis together
with an additional trip to Berlin. I am grateful for Prof. Sabine Enders who took the responsibility to lead the
examination board.
The work would not have been possible without the support of a number of people. At foremost I would
like to thank Dr. Ansor Gäbler, who inspired me for drop related research.
Dr. Mirco Wegener was not only a colleague but an example as a research engineer and a light in difficult
and dark times.
Dr. Stefan Wollny was always a help with the discussions about breaking drops. The cooperation with him
was outstanding, his personal commitment made a big difference on my project and several publication used
for this thesis.
I would like to thank all my colleagues in the department for the great atmosphere, their always helpful,
constructive, honest advices and feed-back on my work. I would like to thank especially Stephanie Herrmann,
Thomas Eppinger, Friedemann Gaitzsch and Jochen Grünig for the support and spirit of cooperation in our
research group.
Our project partner from the Vinnolit GmbH Dr. Torsten Rehm supported my work with his strong per-
sonal commitment to this project.
I'd like to thank all my students especially Florian Metz, Elodie Lutz, Georg Brösigke and Melanie Zillmer
for the valuable research support and hard work they invested into our projects.
The automated drop detection would not be existent without the hard work of Jürgen Rojahn, who became
one of my best friends over the last five years of shared research. I was often encouraged by the great and
cheerful heart of So-Jin Kim.
Many new experiments had to be performed; many set-ups had to be build. The people always serving in
the back to support my research are Andrea Hasselmann, Christine Kloth, Rainer Schwarz and Werner Al-
born.
Family support is most important even though it is from distance. My parents, Regina and Hans-Peter
Maaß, have been a great help and encouragement. They supported my decisions throughout my life, gave
valuable directions and left enough space for own decisions.
I greatly acknowledge the tremendous support by my parents in law Dr. phil. habil. Ingrid Thienel-Saage
and Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Richard Saage. They are always an inspiration to see the value of science. Especially
the support from my mother in law with my loved daughters Luise and Antonia made an immeasurable differ-
ence for my project and our family.
I want to thank my wife for her unconditional love and support throughout this project.

Thanks to the LORD JESUS CHRIST, for he is good and His love endures for ever. (Ps 136)




This work is dedicated to my wife.
Table of contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................ II
TABLE OF CONTENTS...III
NOMENCLATURE........VII
I. Symbols..................................................................................................................................vii
1. Latin symbols.......................................................................................................................vii
2. Greek symbols...vii
II. Subscripts..............................................................................................................................viii
III. Dimensionless numbers ........................................................................................................viii
IV. Abbreviations......viii
ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................................XI
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ...............................................................................................................................XIII
LIST OF OWN PUBLICATIONS USED FOR THE CUMULATIVE THESIS ............................................................ XV
INTRODUCTION............1
I. Industrial application examples................................................................................................ 1
1. Extraction processes...............................................................................................................1
2. Two-liquid-phase biocatalytical processes ............................................................................ 2
3. Food engineering and technology .......................................................................................... 2
4. Polymerization.......................................................................................................................3
II. Analysis and modeling of agitated liquid/liquid dispersions.................................................... 3
III. Scope and outline of the thesis.................................................................................................4
2. POPULATION BALANCES........................................................................................................................11
I. General framework.................................................................................................................11
II. Closure terms describing the breakage processes................................................................... 11
1. Breakage rate .......................................................................................................................12
2. Daughter drop size distributions .......................................................................................... 13
3. Number of daughter drops ................................................................................................... 13
III. Closure terms describing the coalescence processes.............................................................. 14
IV. Solution methods....................................................................................................................15
V. Challenges and limitations .....................................................................................................15
1. Accurate drop size measurements for model evaluation...................................................... 16
2. Appropriate consideration of fluid dynamics in the simulation results................................ 16
3. Influence of reactor scale 17
4. Parameter estimation and analysis .......................................................................................17
iiiTable of contents
VI. Concluding remarks on PBE ..................................................................................................21
3. DROP SIZE AND SINGLE DROP BREAKAGE MEASUREMENTS ...................................................................23
I. Overview of drop size measurement techniques ....................................................................23
1. Sound systems......................................................................................................................24
2. Laser systems.....24
3. Coulter Counter....................................................................................................................25
4. Photo systems working with image recognition...................................................................25
5. Own results on drop size measurement techniques and conclusion. ....................................26
II. Singl