Geomorphic effects of large wood in streams and rivers and its use in stream restoration [Elektronische Ressource] : a central European perspective / vorgelegt von Jochem Kail

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• Publié par: universitat_duisburg-essen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Geomorphic Effects of Large Wood in Streams and Rivers
and Its Use in Stream Restoration:
A Central European Perspective
Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
Dr. rer. nat.
des Fachbereichs
Biologie und Geografie
an der
Universität Duisburg-Essen
vorgelegt von
Jochem Kail
geboren in Stuttgart
Abgabe Oktober, 2004
Mündliche Prüfung 22.03.2005
Gutachter: PD Dr. Daniel Hering, Prof. Dr. Dieter KelletatDie der vorliegenden Arbeit zugrundeliegenden Experimente wurden am Institut für
Ökologie in der Abteilung Hydrobiologie der Universität Duisburg-Essen
durchgeführt.
1. Gutachter:
PD Dr. Daniel Hering
2. Gutachter:
Prof. Dr. Dieter Kelletat
Vorsitzender des Prüfungsausschusses:
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kuttler
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung:
22.03.2005Acknowledgments
Many people and organisations contributed to the results of this thesis.
Firstly, I would like to gratefully acknowledge the funding of this thesis by the
scholarship programme of the German Environmental Foundation. Additional
funding was supported by the German Research Foundation for my participation at
the first international conference on wood in world rivers in Oregon, USA, which
broadened my view on how large wood influences streams and rivers.
I further would like to thank my advisor Prof. Dr. Schuhmacher and I wish to
express my gratitude to PD Dr. Hering for his guidance, stimulating discussions and
support. S. Eckert, M. Gerhard, D. Hering, I. Meyer, M. Mutz, M. Reich, I. Weiss J.
provided data on the amount of large wood in Central European streams. M.
Buffington, R. A. Marston, D. R. Montgomery, H. Piégay, and F. J. Swanson made
valuable comments, which greatly improved the first manuscript of the study on the
influence of large wood on channel morphology presented in section 3. Leica
Geosystems Düsseldorf provided a TCRA1103 electronic total station, which enabled
me to map large topographic data sets. Finally, I thank S. Hertrich and C. Bremser for
field assistance and C. Feld for „bed and breakfast“ in Essen for years and many
stimulating discussions.Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 The need for stream and river restoration...............................................................................1
1.2 The role of large wood in temperate stream and river ecosystems......................................3
1.3 The use of large wood in stream and river restoration............................................6
1.4 Stream or river restoration – a definition of terms.................................................................7
1.5 Scope of the thesis......................................................................................................................7
2 Quantity and distribution of large wood in Central European streams – present and
potential natural state
2.1 Summary of the section............................................................................................................10
2.2 Scope of the section..................................................................................................................11
2.3 Study streams.............................................................................................................................12
2.4 Methods......................................................................................................................................15
2.5 Results.........................................................................................................................18
2.5.1 Quantity of large wood (volume / number).................................................................18
2.5.2 Relationship between quantity of large wood and stream parameters......................20
2.5.3 Size class distribution.......................................................................................................21
2.5.4 Quantity of large wood in different ecoregions...........................................................22
2.6 Discussion....................................................................................................................24
2.6.1 Variability of the large wood standing stock and supply............................................24
2.6.2 Contrasting the study with others..................................................................................26
2.6.3 Explaining the observed differences..............................................................................29
2.6.4 Modelling the amount of large wood..............................................................30
2.7 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................31
3 Influence of large wood on mesoscale channel morphology in Central European
streams
3.1 Summary of the section............................................................................................................32
3.2 Scope of the section..................................................................................................................32
3.3 Study streams.............................................................................................................................34
3.4 Methods......................................................................................................................................38
3.4.1 Experimental design...........................................................................38
3.4.2 Field investigations...........................................................................................................39
3.4.3 Terrain models..................................................................................................................40
3.4.4 Cross sections...................................................................................................................41
3.4.5 AMT-Analysis...................................................................................................................42
3.5 Results.........................................................................................................................................42
3.5.1 Terrain models..................................................................................................................42
3.5.2 Cross-section parameters.................................................................................................47
3.5.3 AMT-Analysis...................................................................................................................49
3.5.4 Relating stream morphology to large wood and stream characteristics....................51
ITable of Contents
3.6 Discussion .................................................................................................................................51
3.6.1 Power of parameters to describe change in channel morphology.............................51
3.6.2 Characteristics of single large fallen trees......................................................................51
3.6.3 Comparing observed scour patterns with those described in literature....................53
3.6.4 Assessing the morphological influence of single large fallen trees investigated......53
4 Using large wood for stream restoration in Central Europe: quantification of
potential use and simulation of effects
4.1 Summary of the section............................................................................................................56
4.2 Scope of the section..................................................................................................56
4.3 Study area...................................................................................................................................58
4.4 Methods......................................................................................................................................62
4.4.1 Hydromorphological survey............................................................................................62
4.4.2 Quantifying the potential use of large wood................................................................64
4.4.3 Spatial distribution of restoration segments..................................................................65
4.4.4 Simulating the potential enhancement of stream morphology..................................66
4.5 Results.........................................................................................................................................69
4.5.1 Potential use of the recruitment and placement of large wood ................................69
4.5.2 Spatial distribution of restoration segments..................................................................72
4.5.3 Simulating the potential enhancement of stream morphology..................................75
4.6 Discussion..................................................................................................................................77
4.6.1 Potential use of the recruitment and placement of large wood.................................77
4.6.2 Potential enhancement of stream morphology and biota...........................................78
4.6.3 Generalisation of results..................................................................................................80
5 Experiences gained from Central Europe