Group membership matters? [Elektronische Ressource] : effects of direct and extended cross-ethnic friendship on minority and majority children's intergroup attitudes / von Allard Rienk Feddes

Feddes

Sujets

• Soziologie

Informations

• Publié par: friedrich-schiller-universitat_jena
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: English

Extrait

Dissertation
Allard Rienk Feddes













international graduate college





Group Membership Matters?

Effects of Direct and Extended Cross-Ethnic Friendship
on Minority and Majority Children’s Intergroup Attitudes

Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.)




vorgelegt dem Rat der Fakultät für Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften
der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena


von Dipl.-Psych. Allard Rienk Feddes
geboren am 17.01.1980 in Hardenberg, die Niederlande






















Gutachter
1. Prof. Dr. Peter Noack
2. Prof. Dr. Adam Rutland

Tag des Kolloquiums: 10. Dezember 2007
















On September 25, 1957, soldiers escort nine black
students into the former all-white Little Rock Central
High School in Little Rock, AK, United States of America
(NZZ, 2007)










Differences within groups are almost always greater
than differences between groups.

Gordon W. Allport, 1954

________________________________________________________________________

Acknowledgements


The international character of the IGC, as indicated by overseas cooperations, IGC-Fellows
and Faculty of several nationalities, and numerous visiting international experts in the area of
intergroup relations, ensured the past three years to be a stimulating and rich experience. I
owe gratitude to many individuals and organizations who contributed to this.
I would especially like to mention:
The German Science Foundation (DFG) for providing me with the unique opportunity
to work full-time on this project in the International Graduate College “Conflict and
Cooperation between Social Groups”.
My supervisors: Peter Noack and Adam Rutland. Thank you for the stimulating and
challenging discussions and for your support which was always positive and encouraging.
Many thanks go to the children, teachers, and principals of the Grundschule St.
Leonhard, the Ludwig-Uhland-Schule, and the Sperberschule. Their participation and
generous support made this research possible. In addition, I am grateful to Andreas Beelmann
for setting up the initial and necessary contacts to find suitable schools.
Special thanks also go to Rupert Brown and Melanie Killen for their supportive and
helpful critiques at many occasions.
Karen van Oudenhoven-van der Zee, Sabine Otten, and Stephen Wright, I owe
gratitude for providing me with a solid basis for my PhD research in the IGC.
In addition, I would like to thank Christopher Cohrs for his methodological advice,
and Natascha de Hoogh, Philipp Jugert, and Mauro Bianchi for their helpful comments on
earlier drafts of this dissertation. Sarah Martiny I would like to thank for translating the
Summary in German language.
All the IGC-Fellows that I got to know over the past three years.
My ‘extended family’: Giuseppe, Henrike, Jannes, & Simon, and Claudio & Melanie.

Finally, I would like to thank my parents, Meinko & Fennigje, and my brother, Dick:
Dankzij jullie steun van jongs af aan heb ik het tot hier kunnen brengen.
v
________________________________________________________________________


Table of Contents

List of Tables...................................................................................................................viii


List of Figures ix



1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Ethnic diversity in western societies............................................................... 1
1.2 Intergroup friendship and children’s intergroup attitudes ........................ 3
1.3 Organization of the dissertation........................................................................ 5


2 Development of Children’s Intergroup Attitudes................................... 6

2.1 Defining and measuring children’s intergroup attitudes ........................... 6
2.1.1 Conceptual issues ............................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Measurement issues............................................................................................ 7
2.2 Theories on development of children’s intergroup attitudes.................... 9
2.2.1 Early approaches toward development of intergroup attitudes........................ 10
2.2.2 Contemporary approaches toward development of intergroup attitudes ......... 11
2.3 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 20


3 Cross-Group Friendship and Intergroup Attitudes........................... 22

3.1 Direct and extended contact hypothesis ...................................................... 22
3.1.1 Direct contact hypothesis ................................................................................. 22
3.1.2 Extended contact hypothesis ............................................................................ 25
3.2 Limitations of previous research on friendship effects............................ 26
3.2.1 Group membership and friendship effects ....................................................... 27
3.2.2 Underlying psychological mechanisms............................................................ 28
3.2.3 The issue of causality ....................................................................................... 29
3.3 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 30


4 The Present Research......................................................................................... 31

4.1 Hypotheses ........................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Models .................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Overview of the field study............................................................................... 35


Table of Contents vi
________________________________________________________________________


5 Method........................................................................................................................ 36

5.1 Respondents......................................................................................................... 36
5.2 Procedure .............................................................................................................. 36
5.3 Measures ............................................................................................................... 37
5.3.1 Predictor variables............................................................................................ 37
5.3.2 Mediator variables 37
5.3.3 Outcome variable ............................................................................................. 38


6 Results......................................................................................................................... 39

6.1 Preliminary analysis ........................................................................................... 39
6.1.1 Checking for selective attrition ........................................................................ 39
6.1.2 Construct validity 39
6.1.3 Mean scores and correlations ........................................................................... 39

6.2 Structural analyses............................................................................................. 46
6.2.1 Cross-sectional analysis for Time 1 ................................................................. 46
6.2.2 tiolysis for Time 2 51
6.2.3 Longitudinal analyses....................................................................................... 58


7 Discussion................................................................................................................. 65

7.1 Summary of the present study ........................................................................ 65
7.1.1 Development of cross-ethnic friendship and intergroup attitudes ................... 67
7.1.2 Group membership and friendship effects ....................................................... 68
7.1.3 Underlying psychological mechanisms............................................................ 69
7.1.4 The issue of causality ....................................................................................... 72

7.2 Theoretical and practical implications .......................................................... 73
7.2.1 Theoretical implications of the present resear