Guide to the aquarium of the Zoological Station at Naples

Stazione Zoologica Di Napoli

Sujets

• Marine biology
• Marine aquarium

Informations

• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

^^QUAF\IU/V\ [\]EAPOLITArJUiV\
^—
-^^.ia&i 'na5»--»i>,asiasS-«**- vrf's^a.-C>Vvv
GUIDE
TO THE
AQUARIUM
OF THE
STATIONZOOLOGICAL
AT NAPLES
V. ^^'Mr-^ ^-^9
EIGHTH EDITION
ILLUSTRATIONSWITH 168
'
'
11 T^^JAN
BYPRINTED
HARTEL, LEIPZIGBREITKOPF &
1913Part first.
List of the contents of each tank.
The Aquarium contains only marine animals and plants.
All have been found in the bay of Naples.
the ensuing list only the most remarkable of the animals and
In
plants are mentioned ; the description given is purposely couched
in colloquial language, being designed to convey, if possible, in
fewa words a sufficient impression of the animal to lead to its
identification. The asterisk before a name signifies that the(*)
animal does not occur at all seasons of the year. With the de-
scriptions of the figures are given references thethe to pages in the
second part of the guide, where they are dealt with more fully.
The ascending streams of silvery bubbles in the tanks are
the air drawn in by the sea-water, which is always being pumped
in from dark tanks under the aquarium. Those animals and
which are partplants found near the upper of a tank will be
seen double, owingto the reflection against the surface of the water.
All the tanks, especially, perhaps, Nos. i, and gain,3, 9, 20,
enormously by being seen in the sunlight between 12 and 2 o'clock.
On the walls of most tanks will be seen the white tubes of
Ciona the of Botryllus(compare tank colonies and4), (p. 99)
other Compound Ascidians, and a little white Sponge (p. 63,
These grow and breed in the water of the aquarium, attaching
all suitable surfaces. In most tanks are swarms ofthemselves to
—tiny, reddish-brown Opossum-shrimps d>j). In comparing(p.
it be rememberedthe Fishes with the figures in the Guide, must
that in many species the dorsal fin nearest the head is not visible
example,except when erected (often for defence); notice, as an
—Labrax (fig. in tank 10. The visitor must not rashly ascribe54)
the power of walking about to Sponges, Tunicates, Anemones,
rocks in various tanks.etc., which he may find moving among the
After seeing tank he will be prepared to trace such vagaries to23
the little crab which is their cause.
numbers are written in red charactres above the tanks.The. ;;
Part first.
Tank No. 1.
exclusively EchinodermsContaining (p. 72).
more)Starfishes or "five-fingers", with five (rarely creeping1.
(fig. red and slender armed; Luidia (fig.arms: Echinaster 2), 5)
orange, and much larger; generally with seven arms; Asterias
greenish or brownish, with pointed knobs;(fig. large and3),
Astropecten (fig. i),with points like little tusks fringing thearms
arms webbed, like a pentagonal piece of red paper.Palmipes,
2. Brittle-stars, with five (or rarely six) arms, thinner and more
than those of the Starfishes; round body likesnake-like a
thick halfpenny {Ophioderma, fig. 4).
fig. mostlyholdingbytheirbacksFeather-stars,{A ntedon, 6) todead3
coral-stems (seetank2 ) in the centreof thetank.They areyellow1
which theyor red and have ten plumed arms with can swim.
Sea-urchins, globular or base-shaped and covered with spines.4.
Sphaerechinus (fig. generally purplish, the spines being8),
tipped with white; Strongylocentrotus, smaller and more de-
pressed, of a very dark purple colour, largely eaten in Naples
Dorocidaris (fig. pink with knobs, bearing a few long and7),
sticklike spines. Several other kinds.
Sea-cucumbers, sack-shaped bodies covered with suckers. The5.
delicate brown feathery undergrowth will be seen to be the
fig.tentacles of numerous sea-cucumbers {Cucumaria, ad-9),
hering to the rocks; each has ten tentacles round its mouth,
arein crawling they retracted; in the larger species {Holo-
thuria, fig. which is black, they are not obvious; Stichopus11)
(fig. 10) is reddish, a foot long, and flat.
The starfishes, sea-urchins and sea-cucumbers adhere to the
glass or rock by numerous suckers, with which they crawl (for
details v. the brittle-stars move wriggling,p. 72); by the feather-
stars can swim by movements of their arms.
Fig. I. Astropecten Fig. seposifus,aurantiaais, 2. Echinaster
nat. size. p. 1/3 nat. size. p.V4 75. 75-Tank No. i
Ophioderma longicauda^Fig. 4.glacialis,Fig. Asicrias3.
1/2 nat. size. p. 75.
nat. size. p. 75.1/3
rosacea,Fig. 6. AntcdonLiiidia ciliaris,Fig. 5.
Antipailics,to a branch ofattached
nat. size. p. 75.1/4
I'o size.nat. p. 75-
granulans,SpJiacrcchinitsFig. 8.papillata,Fig. Dorocidaris7.
nat. size.1/2
nat. size.1/2
sucker-feet, p. 75-projectingwithvisibleare not p. 75*The sucker-feetPart first.
Fig. Cuciimaria PlancL on a stone, with outstretched tentacles,9.
nat. size.1/2 p. 75.
Fig. 10. Holothuria tulmlosa, nat. size.^3 p. 75.
i/oFig. II. StichopKS regalis, nat. size. p. 75.Tank No. 2.
Tank No. 2.
Fishes only. Ohlata (fig. silver, with a black root to its tail;14),
Box (figs. 12 and 13).
Plants. The green sea-lettuce {Ulva lactitca) serves foodas
for fish Boxthe salpa.
Fig. 12. Box salpa, °at.1/2 sire. p. 115.
Fig. 13. Box boops, '/o nat. size. 115.p.
Fig. 14. Oblata /nelatucro. 1/2 "^.t. size. p. 115.Part first.
Tank No. 3.
Containing mainly Molluscs.
1. Cephalopods *Sqiud or Calmar {Loligo, fig.(p. 89). 15),
delicate, transparent and fish-like with large ej^es, swimming
with equal ease backwards or forwards.
2. Snails Sea-hare (Aplysia, fig. i8), soft black orbrownImnps(p. 93),
as large as a man's fist. *PleurobrancJms (fig. 21). *Umhrella
(fig. with flat shell on its back. Triton's horn19), a Tritonium,
(
fig. with red bodyand yellow horns banded with black; shell17)
whelk;pointed and shaped like a *Tun {Dolium, fig. black16),
and white body, rounded shell; Murex (fig. much smaller,23),
with spines; Helmet shell [Cassis, fig. 20); Natica (fig. 22).
Bivalves Scallop [Pccten, fig. with flat fluted shell;3. (p. 95). 25)
sometimes to be seen swimming by flapping the valves of the
shell. Edible mussel (Mytikis, fig. a group attached to24),
a cable. Piddock {Pholas, fig. and Lithodomns (fig.27) 26)
both holes which they have bored in rocks or coral.in
*Eggs of Molluscs. The squids and snails can often be seen lay-
ing in bands or clumps. Those of Squids aretheir eggs the
long white backs hanging from the dead coral; of the Sea-
yellow strings; Tunhare, fine of the ribbons a finger-length
broad, and of Murex large honeycomb-like masses.
Crustaceans. *Homola standing as if on stilts, with the4. (p. 85),
hind legs held up.
Plants. The lettuce sea-weed serves as food for the sea-hares.
b\g. 15. Loligo vulgaris (Squid,, 1 o nat. size. 91.p.
Fig. 16. Dolium galea (Tun;. ii^t.1/3 size. p. 93.