Hepatitis C virus-specific cellular immune responses in individuals with no evidence of infection

Rivière Yves, Montange Thomas, Janvier Geneviève, Marnata Caroline, Durrieu Ludovic, Marie-Laure Chaix, Isaguliants Maria, Launay Odile, Bresson Jean-Louis, Pol, Pol Stanislas

Description

The detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses in HCV-uninfected, presumably unexposed, subjects could be due to an underestimation of the frequency of spontaneously resolving infections, as most acute HCV infections are clinically silent. To address this hypothesis, HCV-specific cellular immune responses were characterized, in individuals negative for an HCV PCR assay and humoral response, with (n = 32) or without (n = 33) risk of exposure to HCV. Uninfected volunteers (n = 20) with a chronically HCV-infected partner were included as positive controls for potential exposure to HCV and HCV infection, respectively. HCV-specific T cell responses in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied ex vivo by ELISPOT and CFSE-based proliferation assays using panels of HCV Core and NS3-derived peptides. A pool of unrelated peptides was used as a negative control, and a peptide mix of human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Bar virus and Influenza virus as a positive control. Overall, 20% of presumably HCV-uninfected subject tested had detectable T-cell responses to the virus, a rate much higher than previous estimates of HCV prevalence in developed countries. This result would be consistent with unapparent primary HCV infections that either cleared spontaneously or remained undetected by conventional serological assays.

Sujets

• HCV
• Prévalence
• Prolifération
• ELISPOT

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• Langue: English

Extrait

Rivièreet al.Virology Journal2012,9:76 http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/76

R E S E A R C HOpen Access Hepatitis C virusspecific cellular immune responses in individuals with no evidence of infection 1* 11 11 2 Yves Rivière, Thomas Montange , Geneviève Janvier , Caroline Marnata , Ludovic Durrieu , MarieLaure Chaix , 3 45 6 Maria Isaguliants , Odile Launay , JeanLouis Bressonand Stanislas Pol

Abstract The detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)specific T cell responses in HCVuninfected, presumably unexposed, subjects could be due to an underestimation of the frequency of spontaneously resolving infections, as most acute HCV infections are clinically silent. To address this hypothesis, HCVspecific cellular immune responses were characterized, in individuals negative for an HCV PCR assay and humoral response, with (n = 32) or without (n = 33) risk of exposure to HCV. Uninfected volunteers (n = 20) with a chronically HCVinfected partner were included as positive controls for potential exposure to HCV and HCV infection, respectively. HCVspecific T cell responses in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studiedex vivoby ELISPOT and CFSEbased proliferation assays using panels of HCV Core and NS3derived peptides. A pool of unrelated peptides was used as a negative control, and a peptide mix of human cytomegalovirus, EpsteinBar virus and Influenza virus as a positive control. Overall, 20% of presumably HCVuninfected subject tested had detectable Tcell responses to the virus, a rate much higher than previous estimates of HCV prevalence in developed countries. This result would be consistent with unapparent primary HCV infections that either cleared spontaneously or remained undetected by conventional serological assays. Keywords:HCV, Prevalence, Proliferation, Elispot, Inapparent infection

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive stranded RNA virus belonging to theFlaviviridæfamily. HCV replicates mainly in the liver, and approximately 70% of infected persons fail to spontaneously clear the virus, progressing to chronic infection. HCV infection is defined as the detection of specific antibodies in the serum (by two dif ferent screening assays), with or without detectable HCVspecific RNA which reflects ongoing or resolved infection, respectively. An estimated 170 million persons worldwide are infected by HCV. Three sets of data challenge current estimates of the proportion of HCVinfected patients that become chronic carriers [1]. Firstly, HCVspecific T lymphocytes are found in the blood of donors who do not meet

* Correspondence: [e-mail] 1 Laboratoire d’Immunopathologie Virale, Institut Pasteur; and CNRS URA 3015, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

current criteria for HCV infection, displaying a weak or restricted specific antibody response labeled as an‘inde terminate pattern’in the recombinant immunoblot con firmation assay [2]. Secondly, the clearance of HCV has been reported in individuals without detectable serocon version [3]. Thirdly, the disappearance of circulating anti HCV antibodies some two decades after an accidental inoculation has been documented in patients who spon taneously resolve their infection, although HCVspecific + + CD4 and CD8 Tcellresponses were detectable [4]. Thus, as most acute HCV infections are clinically silent, the detection of a virusspecific T cell response in healthy presumably unexposed subjects who do not meet current criteria for a previous HCV infection can be due to preceding silent spontaneously resolved HCV infec tion, the frequency of which is apparently underestimated [5,6]. Viral infection in such individuals would have pro duced enough viral immunogen to prime T cells, but yet not enough to prime an IgG B cell response that could

© 2012 Rivière et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.