Impact of contaminants on aquatic systems and inundated sites with respect to flood events [Elektronische Ressource] : in vitro biotests, chemical target analysis and fractionation methods / presented by Jan Wölz

Jan Wiegman

Informations

• Publié par: ruprecht-karls-universitat_heidelberg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 14
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Dissertation

submitted to the Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences
and for Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany,
for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences







Presented by: Diploma biologist Jan Wölz
Born in: Heidelberg
Oral-examination: ……………………………







Impact of contaminants on aquatic systems and inundated sites
with respect to flood events

In vitro biotests, chemical target analysis
and fractionation methods













Referees: Prof. Dr. Thomas Braunbeck
Heidelberg Institute of Zoology, University of Heidelberg
Prof. Dr. Heinz Karrasch
Geographical Institute, University of Heidelberg

Acknowledgment
This PhD thesis was very pleasant, since it was not only a product of laboratory work and
computing, but also the result of an inspiring and friendly atmosphere with colleagues and
friends. Therefore, I would like to thank the workgroup Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology
Section at the Heidelberg Institute of Zoology, especially Prof. Dr. Thomas Braunbeck and
the workgroup Department of Ecosystem Analysis at the RWTH Aachen University, in
particular Prof. Dr. Henner Hollert. Both owe my great thanks for their support, help and
supervision of my thesis.
Beyond this, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Henner Hollert and Dipl. biol. Thomas-Benjamin
Seiler for the perfect collaboration in our in 2007 established Department of Ecosystem
Analysis at the RWTH Aachen University.
Furthermore, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Heinz Karrasch for his deep interest in the
research topic of this PhD and for being my second supervisor.
Good scientific work is supported by friendly and helpful people. My special thanks go to my
dear colleagues at both departments Lisa Bragenheim, Markus Brinkmann, Andrea Gerstner,
Katja Großhans, Sebastian Hudjetz, Dr. Steffen Keiter, Dr. Thomas Kosmehl, Eva Lammer,
Sibylle Maletz, Paula-Suares Rocha, Hanno Zielke and in particular Marit Ernst and Thomas-
Benjamin Seiler.
I furthermore like to express my sincere thanks to Ulrike Diehl, Susanne Miller and Kerstin
Winkens for their support in the lab.
I also like to thank the project partners of the RIMAX-Hot cooperation partners and the
BMBF for funding this project and, thus, the majority of my PhD thesis.
Beyond, I want to thank, in particular, Dr. Werner Brack, Tobias Schulze and Dr. Urte
Lübcke-von Varel (UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig) for their
collaboration, the possibility for effect-directed analysis and their assistance with chemical
analysis. Furthermore, PD Dr. Lothar Erdinger and Dr. Andrew Rastall (Institute of Hygiene
and Medical Microbiology, University of Heidelberg) for support with the YES assay.
Accordingly, my thanks go to Evelyn Claus and Dr. Georg Reifferscheid (Federal
Hydrological Institute, Koblenz) for chemical analysis and provision of the Ames Fluctuation
assay.
Finally, I am very grateful to my parents for all their encouragement and support of my
doctoral thesis.

Contents I

Contents
Abstract………………………………………………………………..……………………….1
Zusammenfassung....…………………………………………………..………………………3

1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Chemicals in the (aquatic) environment and legal handling ................................................... 7
1.1.1 Excursus 1: REACH guideline of the European Union for regulation of chemical ........ 8
1.2 Chemicals related to suspended particulate matter.................................................................. 9
1.2.1 Excursus 2: EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) − Integrated river basin
management for Europe ................................................................................................................ 13
1.3 Flood events − Impact on flood plains .................................................................................. 14
1.4 Contaminants in the groundwater and aquifers ..................................................................... 16
1.5 Objectives of the study .......................................................................................................... 17
1.6 References ............................................................................................................................. 20
2 Influence of hydrodynamics on sediment ecotoxicity ...................................................... 29
2.1 Role of sediments in freshwater quality ................................................................................ 31
2.2 Factors affecting mobilization of sediments and (bio-)availability of contaminants ............ 32
2.3 Ecotoxicological methods to assess sediment contamination ............................................... 33
2.4 Combined approaches to investigate the influence of hydrodynamics on sediment
ecotoxicity ......................................................................................................................................... 34
2.5 Case Study River Neckar (Germany) .................................................................................... 35
2.5.1 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 36
2.6 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................... 37
2.7 Case Study Morava Catchment Area (Czech Republic) ....................................................... 39
2.8 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 42
2.9 References ............................................................................................................................. 43
3 Changes in toxicity and Ah receptor agonist activity of suspended particulate matter
during flood events at the rivers Neckar and Rhine ................................................................. 49
3.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 51
3.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 53
3.3 Materials and methods ........................................................................................................... 55
3.3.1 Suspended particulate matter sampling ......................................................................... 55
3.3.2 Sample extraction .......................................................................................................... 56
3.3.3 Water samples ............................................................................................................... 56
3.3.4 Multilayer fractionation ................................................................................................. 56
3.3.5 PCBs and PCDD/Fs − HRGC-HRMS analysis ............................................................. 57
3.3.6 Neutral Red Retention assay ......................................................................................... 58
3.3.7 DR-CALUX assay ......................................................................................................... 58
3.3.8 GPC.2D assay ................................................................................................................ 59
3.3.9 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase assay ........................................................................... 59
3.3.10 Bio-TEQ values ............................................................................................................. 60
3.3.11 Chem-TEQ values ......................................................................................................... 60
3.4 Results ................................................................................................................................... 61
3.4.1 Neutral Red retention assay ........................................................................................... 61 Contents II

3.4.2 AhR-mediated activity .................................................................................................. 62
3.4.3 DR-CALUX and GPC.2D assay with SPM .................................................................. 63
3.4.4 Multilayer and carbon on celite fractionation................................................................ 64
3.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 66
3.5.1 Cytotoxic effects of complex samples ........................................................................... 66
3.5.2 Ah receptor agonist activity of water samples............................................................... 67
3.5.3 AhR-mediated activity of SPM ..................................................................................... 68
3.5.4 Modification of pollutant composition .............................................................