Influence of Ectomycorrhiza on exudation of low molecular weight carboxylates in Pinus sylvestris L. [Elektronische Ressource] = Einfluss von Ektomykorrhiza auf die Exsudation von niedermolekularen Carboxylaten unter Pinus sylvestris L. / submitted by Rajeev Kavety

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• Biologie

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• Publié par: brandenburgische_technische_universitat_cottbus
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 29
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Influence of Ectomycorrhiza on exudation of
Low Molecular Weight carboxylates in Pinus sylvestris L.



By
The Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Process Engineering,
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Germany
has approved the thesis for the award of
PhD degree in Environmental Sciences

Submitted by

M.Sc (Germany)

Rajeev Kavety

From
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India



Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. R.F. Hüttl
Supervisor: Dean Prof. Dr. G. Wiegleb

th
Date of oral examination: 24 January 2008

Einfluss von Ektomykorrhiza auf die Exsudation von
niedermolekularen Carboxylaten unter Pinus sylvestris L.



Von
der Fakultät für Umweltwissenschaften und Verfahrenstechnik
der Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines
PhD- Umweltwissenschaften
genehmigte Dissertation

vorgelegt von

M.Sc. (Deutschland)

Rajeev Kavety

aus Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Indien



Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. R.F. Hüttl
Gutachter: Dekan Prof. Dr. G. Wiegleb

th
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24 Januar 2008

Declaration
Declaration
I hereby declare that the submitted thesis work has been completed by me and that I have
not used any other than permitted reference sources or materials. All references and other
sources used by me have been appropriately acknowledged in this work. I further declare that
this work has not been submitted for the purpose of academic examination, either in its
original or similar form anywhere else.

Versicherung
Ich versichere, dass ich diese Arbeit selbständig verfasst und keine anderen als die
angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Die den benutzten Hilfsmitteln wörtlich oder inhaltlich
entnommenen stellen habe ich unter Quellenangaben kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit hat in
gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegen.



th
Declared in Cottbus, 09 October 2007
_________________
thVersichert im Cottbus, 09 October 2007 (Rajeev Kavety) Declaration
Declaration
I hereby declare that this submitted thesis work is been done by me and I have not violated
any protection rights.

Versicherung
Ich versichere, dass ich diese Arbeit selbständig verfasst habe und keine bestehenden
Schutzrechte verletzt habe.


thDeclared in Cottbus, 09 October 2007
_________________
thVersichert im Cottbus, 09 October 2007 (Rajeev Kavety) Acknowledgements I
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Reinhard F. Hüttl,
Head of Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, Brandenburg University of
Technology, Cottbus, Germany, for his generosity in accepting me as a PhD student to
work under his guidance.
My regards to Dean Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wiegleb, Head of Chair of General
Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany, for his
suggestions as a co-ordinator for seminars of ERM-PhD and my deep thanks to him to
accept my request for guidance. My due regards to Prof. Dr. Michael Schmidt, Head
of ERM-PhD, Chair of Environment Planning, Brandenburg University of
Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
My sincere gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Uwe B. Schneider, Chair of Soil
Protection and Recultivation, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, and
Dr. Thomas Fischer, Central Analytical laboratory (Zentrales Analytisches Labor),
Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, in supporting my work to bring to
conclusion. I would also like to extend my regards to PD Dr. Dr. Reiner Petzoldt for
his suggestions and reading my thesis.
My sincere thanks to Frau Gabi Franke, Frau Regina Müller and Frau Helga Köller
for analysis and helpful laboratory tips.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to PD Dr. Udo Bröring, Chair of General
Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, for indepth discussions on
principle component analysis and hints, which were very helpful.
Finally yet importantly, would like to express my indebtness to past and present
co-workers at the Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation for their contributions and
suggestions to me, casting a cherishable joy in my life. I would also like to thank Mr.
Seth Nii-Annang-M.Sc., for proof reading this thesis.
Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to all the mentors making it possible
for me to be a recipient of DAAD-STIBET matching funds in the earlier phase and
Graduiertenstipendium (Graduate scholarship) in the later phase of ERM-PhD studies
at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.


To Vaishnovi…






Table of Contents II
Acknowledgments I

Table of Contents II

List of Figures V

List of Tables IX

Abbreviations XI


Abstract 1

1. Introduction 3
1.1 General background 3
1.2 Rhizosphere 3
1.3 Root exudates 4
1.4 Ectomycorrhiza 5
1.5 General approach 6
1.6 Nutrient uptake by plants 7
1.7 Objectives 9

2. Materials and Methods 11
2.1 Methodology of Experiments 11
2.2 Details for cultivating the Scots pine seedlings 11
2.2.1 Ectomycorrhiza fungal material 11
2.2.2 Agar medium for germinating seeds of Scots pine 11
2.2.3 Agar medium for growing ectomycorrhizal fungi 11
2.2.4 Germination and growth of Scots pine seedlings 12
2.3 Growth substrate (Quartz sand) 13
2.4 Nutrient supply 14
2.5 Sampling of rhizosphere solution 14
2.6 Procedures for collection of plant material and parameters analyzed 15
2.7 Plant Morphological analysis 16
2.8 Chemical analysis 17
2.8.1 Wet digestion and dry ashing 17
2.8.2 Inorganic cation Analysis by ICPES 17
2.8.3 Inorganic cation Analysis by AAS 18
2.8.4 Dry matter analysis by CNS 18
2.8.5 Analysis of rhizosphere soil solution for Low Molecular Weight (LMW)
carboxylates by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 20
2.8.5.1 Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) 20
2.8.5.2 Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 22
Table of Contents III
2.9 Calculation of organically complexed cations in the rhizosphere solutions
using PHREEQC 23
2.10 Relationship between nutrient uptake in plant to the nutrient availability
in the rhizosphere soil solutions 24
2.11 Statistics 25

3. Results 27
3.1 Size distribution and survival of pine seedlings in petridish rhizotron
experiments 27
3.2 Distribution of plant biomass in the mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal
seedlings 33
3.3 Plant root tissue density (RTD) and specific root length (SRL) in the
mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments 33
3.4 Plant Leaf Area Ratio (LAR) distribution in the mycorrhizal and non-
mycorrhizal treatments 35
3.5 C, N and S allocation in Scots pine seedlings 36
3.5.1 C, N and S contents in root dry mass of the non-mycorrhizal and
mycorrhizal pine seedlings 36
3.5.2 C, N and S contents in needle dry mass of the non-mycorrhizal and
mycorrhizal pine seedlings 38
3.6 Element distribution in shoots and roots of the non-mycorrhizal and
mycorrhizal seedlings 39
3.7 pH and cation concentration in the rhizosphere soil solutions 42
3.7.1 pH in the rhizosphere soil solutions 42
3.7.2 Cation concentration in the rhizosphere solutions of non-mycorrhizal and
mycorrhizal pine seedlings 43
3.8 Comparative analysis of Low Molecular Weight carboxylate concentration
in the rhizosphere solutions by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC) and Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) 44
3.9 Analysis of influence of Mycorrhization depending on experimental
parameters 48
3.10 Comparison of base cation contents in rhizosphere soil solution and in the
plant tissue for mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments 51

4. Discussions 58
4.1 Experimental approach 58
4.2 Ectomycorrhiza 59
4.3 Growth dynamics of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings 61
4.4 Biomass distribution of seedlings of Pinus sylvestris in mycorrhizal and
non-mycorrhizal treatments 63
4.5 Root exudates 64
4.6 Release of exudates (Low Molecular Weight carboxylates) 66
Table of Contents IV
4.7 Effect of exudates (Low Molecular Weight carboxylates) 66
4.8 Conceptual model for comparison of plant cation to LMW carboxylate
complexed cation in the rhizosphere soil solutions of both the
experimental variants 69

5. Conclusions 71

6. Summary 73

7. Literature 75

8. Appendix 89



List of Figures V
List of Figures
Figure 1. Petridish showing stunted growth in silica beads (Fig. 1a) and 6
vital growth in quartz substrate (Fig. 1b).
Figure 2. Experimental petridishes placed in the temperature controlled 13
(incubation) chamber in the greenhouse.
Figure 3. The Rhizon – t