Interpretation and presentation of Nabataeans innovative technologies: case study Petra/Jordan [Elektronische Ressource] / Yazan Safwan Al-Tell. Betreuer: Jörg J. h.c. Kühn

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• Publié par: brandenburgische_technische_universitat_cottbus
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 142
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

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DOCTORAL THESIS
Interpretation and Presentation of Nabataeans
Innovative Technologies: Case Study
Petra/Jordan

Submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Urban Planning
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Germany, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Doctorate of Engineer (Dr. Ing), 2006-2011

by
Yazan Safwan Al-Tell
(Born 07-04-1977 in Amman, Jordan)


Supervisors:
Prof. Dr. h.c. Jörg J. Kühn
Prof.Dr. Stephen G. Schmid
Prof. Dr. Ing. Adolf Hoffmann
I
Abstract
The Nabataeans were people of innovation and technology. Many clear evidences were left
behind them that prove this fact. Unfortunately for a site like Petra, visited by crowds of
visitors and tourists every day, many major elements need to be strengthened in terms of
interpretation and presentation techniques in order to reflect the unique and genuine aspects of
the place. The major elements that need to be changed include: un-authorized tour guides,
insufficient interpretation site information in terms of quality and display.
In spite of Jordan‘s numerous archaeological sites (especially Petra) within the international
standards, legislations and conventions that discuss intensively interpretation and presentation
guidelines for archaeological site in a country like Jordan, it is not easy to implement these
standards in Petra at present for several reasons which include: presence of different
stakeholders, lack of funding, local community. Moreover, many interpretation and
development plans were previously made for Petra, which makes it harder to determine the
starting point.
Within the work I did, I proposed two ideas for developing interpretation technique in Petra.
First was using the theme technique, which creates a story from the site or from innovations
done by the inhabitants, and to be presented to visitors in a modern approach. The purpose of
this story is to link the visitor to the site emotionally, by providing them with the sense and feel
of the site‘s real events by that time together with a good amount of information that gives the
visitor the chance to live and feel an unforgettable experience of the place. The second idea was
how to tailor a useful interpretation plan that could be implemented on all other archaeological
sites in Jordan right after ―evaluating the results of its implementation in Petra‖.
The aim of this thesis is to develop interpretation criteria for ―local governments and
nongovernmental organizations‖, as well as an interpretation plan in a Jordanian context and
apply them on all other archaeological sites in Jordan.
Tourists would benefit from the quality of interpretation services offered by the interpreters and
the techniques of presentation available on the site, in addition to tour guides who have
received training programs derivate from this study, which would guarantee in return a more
sustainable tourism movement to the site of Petra in the future.

II
Zusammenfassung
Die Nabatäer waren ein Volk der Innovationen und Technologie. Sie haben uns viele Beweise
hinterlassen, die diese Behauptung unterstützen. An einem Ort wie Petra, der jeden Tag von
Mengen von Touristen besucht wird, müssen leider viele wesentliche Elemente in ihrer
Präsentation verbessert und in ihrer Interpretation gestärkt werden, um die Einmaligkeit und
die Bedeutung des Ortes zu vermitteln. Dazu gehören vor allem nicht autorisierte Führer und
das sowohl inhaltliche als auch formal ungenügende Informationsmaterial.
Obwohl es eine große Anzahl von internationalen Standards, Richtlinien und Konventionen für
die zahlreichen archäologischen Stätten in Jordanien und besonders für Petra gibt, die intensiv
diskutiert werden, ist es nicht einfach dieses Standards in Petra zu implementieren. Die Gründe
dafür sind unterschiedliche Interessensgruppen, nicht ausreichende finanzielle Unterstützung
und die lokale Gesellschaft. Es wurden sogar viele Präsentations- und Entwicklungspläne für
Petra selbst erarbeitet, die jedoch den Ausgangspunkt für eine Neuorientierung eher
erschweren.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit habe ich zwei Interpretationsansätze vorgeschlagen: der erste ist
Technik als Leitthema, in dem die konkrete Geschichte des Ortes als eine von den
Innovationen der Nabatäer erzählt wird, die dem Besucher in moderner Form vermittelt wird.
Der Besucher soll emotional mit dem Ort verbunden werden und ihn auf unvergessliche Weise
erfahren, in dem ihm schrittweise Informationen gegeben werden und ihn eine Zeitreise durch
die Geschichte Petras antreten lassen.
Der zweite Ansatz versucht, ein allgemeines Präsentationskonzept für Petra zu entwickeln, das
nach einer kritischen Auswertung in Petra für alle archäologischen Stätten in Jordanien
eingeführt werden könnte.
Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, am Beispiel von Petra Strategien und Kriterien für die
Kommunalverwaltungen und für Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen zu entwickeln als Grundlage
für Präsentations- und Entwicklungsplanungen für andere jordanische archäologische Stätten.
Touristen würden von einer verbesserten Qualität der Interpretation und Präsentation
profitieren, ebenso von Führern, die durch diese Studie veranlasst Trainingsprogramme
absolviert haben. Damit würde ein nachhaltigerer Tourismus in der Zukunft von Petra
ermöglicht werden.
III
Terms and abbreviations
ACOR: American Center for Oriental Research
AD: Anno Domini
ADAJ: Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
B.C.: Before Christ
DOA: Department of Antiquities
ESCWA: Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
GTZ: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit
ICOMOS: International Committee on Monuments and Sites
IFAPO: Institut Francais D'archeologie Du Proche-Orient
ICAHM: International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management
ICOM: International Council of Museums
IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature
JADIS: Jordan Antiquities Database and Information System
JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
JTB: Jordan Tourism Board
MOTA: Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
NPS: National Park Services
PAP: Petra Archaeological Park
PNT: Petra National Trust
UNESCO: United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization

IV
Acknowledgement
The efforts of many individuals have helped make the production of this work possible; the
scholar would like to express his sincere appreciation to the following individuals:
Prof. Dr. Jörg Kühn, whose generous assistance made everything possible, he stimulated my
interest on the archaeological way of thinking, and how to explain things deeper than a text
book, how to be an ―architect archaeologist‖ at one time and to have a wider analyses and
expectations in understanding the Nabataeans and their techniques. Prof. Dr. Ziad Alsaad, who
inspired my interest in the subject of the Nabataeans and their achievements in Jordan and
generously supported the scholar with time, knowledge, books and references.
I would like to thank also Mrs. Julia Zillich, who proofed the manuscript and gave very helpful
grammatical suggestions concerning it, as well as assisting in research and preparing the
indices. I also would like to be grateful for the great efforts done by Nabil Al-Awawdeh in
translating the abstract into German, it was highly appreciated.
I particularly thankful for all those mentioned above for their patience and their attention to
every single detail throughout my study; without their invaluable assistance and encouragement
this study could never been completed.
The thesis would not have been possible without the aid of many: My parents, for their
unquestionable support and faith in me, they have been the strength and stability that kept me
going, thank you for your patience and advices that kept me going through all hard problems I
faced. And to my dear wife Salam who stood by me day and night, you cannot know how
important your love, encouragement and passion have meant to me in these past years, and to
my son Safwan, who was my major motive that let me going hard toward accomplishing my
thesis, love you forever. I would have never completed the dissertation without them. And a
special regard to my dear sister, who encouraged me when I faced difficulties, and helped me to
defeat them, would like to thank you for your trust on me thank you all.




V
Statutory declaration
I hereby declare that this thesis is the res