Investigation of the CO_1tn2 storage capacity of aquifer struktures [Elektronische Ressource] : CO_1tn2 storage in a Buntsandstein prototype aquifer / submitted by Emine Buket Ülker
2.23 Histogram of permeability in zone 7, layer 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.24 Permeability distribution in zone 6, layer 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.25 Histogram of permeability in zone 6, layer 16 (intercalatedsandstone) . . . 2.26 Permeability distribution in zone 5, layer 1215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.27 Histogram of permeability in zone 5, layers 1215 (sandstone) . . . . . . . . 2.28 Perforated zone in the vertical wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11
4.1
4.2
5.1
◦ CO2density comparison at 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C . ◦ CO2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .density comparison at 75 Fugacity coefficients of CO2for a range of temperature and pressure condi tions, calculated from the correlation given by Duan et al. [16] . . . . . . . ◦ Solubility of CO2in fresh water at 30, 60, 90 C, lines represent experimental data compiled by Duan et. al (2003) [18] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ◦ Solubility of CO2in fresh water at 75 and 100 C obtained from Chang et al.(1998) and Spycher et al.(2003) correlation compared with experimental data of Wiebe and Gaddy (1941) [11, 45, 50, 51] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ◦ Solubility of CO2in 1 m and 2 m aqueous NaCl solution at 60 C obtained using Duan et al. and Spycher et al. correlation [18, 45] . . . . . . . . . . . Solubility of CO2in aqueous solutions of NaCl with varying total salinity at ◦ 60 C obtained using Chang et al. correlation [11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ◦ CO2and CH4. . . .solubilities in 4 m aqueous NaCl solution at 60 C [18] ◦ Density of aqueous solution at 60 C containing different amounts of NaCl obtained from Batzle and Wang correlation [5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ◦ Solubility of CO2in aqueous solutions of NaCl and CaCl2C [18, 41]at 60 ◦ Density of fresh water with dissolved CO2C and 200 bar . . . . . . .at 60
Land’s model parameters required in the evaluation of trapping and relative permeability hysteresis models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometric extrapolation of the gas relative permeability and trapped satu ration during an imbibition process, as proposed by Carson [9] . . . . . . .
CO2injection scenario into saline aquifer
x
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34 35 35 36 36 38
42 42
47
48
50
51
52 53
54 55 56
61
62
76
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9
6.10 6.11
Gas injection history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative permeability curve for CO2waterrock system, left=sandstone for mation, right=caprock formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capillary pressure curve for CO2waterrock system, left=sandstone forma tion, right=caprock formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation profile and mole fraction of CO2in aqueous phase after 10 years injection into the aquifer containing 200,000 ppm NaCl left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction (gas saturation scale is in the bottom, and mole fraction scale is in the top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation profile and mole fraction of CO2in aqueous phase 240 years after termination of injection into the aquifer containing 200,000 ppm NaCl left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction (gas saturation scale is in the bottom, and mole fraction scale is in the top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rd Gas saturation performance in the 3 layer (just below the cap rock) at different distances from the injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rd Gas solubility performance in the 3 layer (just below the cap rock) at different distances from the injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation profile and mole fraction of CO2in an aqueous phase after 10 years injection into a fresh water aquifer left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction (gas saturation scale is in the bottom, and mole fraction scale is in the top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation profile and mole fraction of CO2in an aqueous phase 240 years after termination of injection into a fresh water aquifer left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction (gas saturation scale is in the bottom, and mole fraction scale is in the top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation performance after 10 years of injection into the fresh water aquifer compared with 200,000 ppm NaCl brine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solubility of CO2in fresh water (dashed line) and in 200,000 ppm NaCl brine (solid line) at different distances from the injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gas saturation and mole fraction of CO2in an aqueous phase after 10 years injection into the aquifer containing 200,000 ppm CaCl2left=saturation pro file, right= mole fraction (gas saturation scale is in the bottom, and mole fraction scale is in the top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solubility performance of CO2with time in aqueous solutions of NaCl, CaCl2 and fresh water with time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation and mole fraction of CO2in an aqueous phase 240 years after termination of injection into the aquifer containing 200,000 ppm CaCl2 left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction (gas saturation scale is in the bottom, and mole fraction scale is in the top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density of aqueous phase left= after 10 years CO2injection, right= 240 years after termination of injection into fresh water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density of aqueous phase left=after 10 years CO2injection, right=240 years after termination of injection into aquifer containing 200,000 ppm NaCl . . Density of aqueous phase left=after 10 years CO2injection, right=240 years after termination of injection into aquifer containing 200,000 ppm CaCl2. Gas saturation and solubility performance of CO2with time in cap rock nd formation, 2 layer with time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CO2(free gas and dissolved gas) influx from storage formation to cap rock in a 200,000 ppm NaCl (green line), 200,000 ppm CaCl2(blue line) and fresh water (red line) aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation and mole fraction of CO2in saline aqueous phase, after 10 years injection into aquifer with ratio of kv/kh=0.01, left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation and mole fraction of CO2in saline aqueous phase, after 10 years injection into aquifer with ratio of kv/kh=0.1, left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturation and mole fraction of CO2in saline aqueous phase, 90 years af ter termination of injection into aquifer with ratio of kv/kh=1, left=saturation profile, right= mole fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .