Light-triggered unidirectional molecular rotors [Elektronische Ressource] : theoretical investigations on conformational dynamics and laser control / von Guillermo Pérez Hernández
228 pages
English

Light-triggered unidirectional molecular rotors [Elektronische Ressource] : theoretical investigations on conformational dynamics and laser control / von Guillermo Pérez Hernández

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228 pages
English
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LIGHT-TRIGGERED UNIDIRECTIONAL MOLECULARROTORS: THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ONCONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS AND LASERCONTROLDissertationzur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium(Dr. rer. nat.)vorgelegt dem Rat der Chemisch-Geowissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at derFriedrich-Schiller-Universit¨at Jena´ ´von Guillermo Perez Hernandezgeboren am 07.07.1982 in Santa Cruz de TenerifeGutachter:1. ....................................2. ....................................3. ....................................Tag der off¨ entlichen Verteidigung:01.12.2010Abstract - EnglishTwolight-triggeredmolecularmotorsbasedonchiralovercrowdedalkeneshavebeenstud-ied in the electronic ground state: a second-generation motor (2) and a redesigned motor(3). AsemiempiricalMonte-Carlo-typeofconformationalsearchhasbeenimplementedtofind local minima in the ground state PESs of 2 and3, which then have been reoptimizedby ab-initio calculations. While in 3 only the four isomers of the rotary cycle are found,new isomers have been found in the case of 2, leading to different reaction pathways forthe thermal helix-inversion. TSs for all the possible thermal conversions have been alsocomputed. The obtained E values are in excellent agreement with those reported in thealiterature.The simple model BCH (core unit of many motors) has been studied from a quantumchemical and quantum dynamical point of view.

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Publié le 01 janvier 2010
Nombre de lectures 7
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 8 Mo

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LIGHT-TRIGGERED UNIDIRECTIONAL MOLECULAR
ROTORS: THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON
CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS AND LASER
CONTROL
Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium
(Dr. rer. nat.)
vorgelegt dem Rat der Chemisch-Geowissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der
Friedrich-Schiller-Universit¨at Jena
´ ´von Guillermo Perez Hernandez
geboren am 07.07.1982 in Santa Cruz de TenerifeGutachter:
1. ....................................
2. ....................................
3. ....................................
Tag der ¨offentlichen Verteidigung:
01.12.2010Abstract - English
Twolight-triggeredmolecularmotorsbasedonchiralovercrowdedalkeneshavebeenstud-
ied in the electronic ground state: a second-generation motor (2) and a redesigned motor
(3). AsemiempiricalMonte-Carlo-typeofconformationalsearchhasbeenimplementedto
find local minima in the ground state PESs of 2 and3, which then have been reoptimized
by ab-initio calculations. While in 3 only the four isomers of the rotary cycle are found,
new isomers have been found in the case of 2, leading to different reaction pathways for
the thermal helix-inversion. TSs for all the possible thermal conversions have been also
computed. The obtained E values are in excellent agreement with those reported in thea
literature.
The simple model BCH (core unit of many motors) has been studied from a quantum
chemical and quantum dynamical point of view. The controversial nature of BCH’s elec-
tronic transitions has been investigated using high-level ab-initio multiconfigurationaland
perturbational methods, including the development of a basis set specific to the problem
∗at hand. The first two excited states of B -symmetry ((π,3s)-Rydberg and (π,π ), re-u
spectively) are resolved at the MS-CASPT2-level of theory, providing vertical transition
energies and oscillator strengths matching the experimental values. In addition, the origin
∗of the (π,π )-band is computed, yielding an energy value well below the FC-value of the
(π,3s )-maximum, explaining this band’s unexpected intensity.R
Finally, aone-dimensionalPESalongBCH’storsionalcoordinatehas beencomputedat
the MS-CASPT2-level of theory, and quantum dynamical simulations have been carried
out. These have focused on the obtainment of control laser fields that are able to trigger
unidirectionality even in the symmetric PES (as opposed to 2 and 3 system). Optimal
control strategies as well as the intuitive IR+UV-scheme both succeeded in achieving sus-
tained, unidirectional torsional motion of BCH in the excited state.
iAbstract - Deutsch
Zwei lichtinduzierte, auf chiralen uberladenen Alkenen basierende molekulare Motoren¨
wurden im Grundzustand betrachtet: Motor 2 (der sog. zweiten Generation solcher Mo-
toren angehorend) und ein weiterentwickelter Motor 3. Eine semiempirsche Monte-Carlo-¨
Konformer-Suche wurde programmiert, um alle moglic¨ hen Konformere der Potentialener-
gieflache des Grundzustandes zu finden, und um sie abschließend mit ab-initio-Methoden¨
¨weiter zu optimieren. Desweiteren wurden Ubergangszustand¨ e berechnet. Im Fall des Mo-
tors 2 wurden drei neue Isomere gefunden. Ein neuer Zwischenschritt in der thermischen
Helizitatsinversion wurde postuliert. Alle erhaltenen Aktivierungsbarrieren entsprechen in¨
¨sehr guter Ubereinstimmung den experimentellen Werten.
Das einfache Alken BCH wurde als Modellsystem fur quantenchemische und quanten-¨
¨dynamische Berechnungen gew¨ahlt. Die kontrovers diskutierten elektronischen Ubergange¨
wurdengrundlichanhandquantenchemischenab-initio-Methodenuntersucht.TeilderUn-¨
tersuchung war die Optimierung eines spezifischen Basissatzes. Die ersten zwei angeregten
∗Zustande wurden als (π,3s )-Rydberg und (π,π ) von der MS-CASPT2-Methode be-¨ R
stimmt. Die erhaltenen vertikalen Anregungsenergien und Oszillatorst¨arken stimmen sehr
gut mit experimentellen Werten ub¨ erein. Progressionen entlang der Scheren- und Streck-
∗ ∗¨Schwingungen des anti-(π,π )-Ubergangs tragen zum Profil der (π,π )-Bande bei, und
erklaren¨ somit die scheinbar hohe Intensit¨at der Rydberg-Bande.
Dieselbe MS-CASPT2-Methode wurde eingesetzt, um eindimensionale Potentialener-
giekurven entlang BCH’s Torsionskoordinate zu berechnen. Diese Kurven wurden fur¨ die
Simulation lichtinduzierte Rotation verwendet. Sowohl Optimal Control-Theory als die in-
tuitive IR+UV-Strategie erwiesen sich als erfolgreich in der Auslosung¨ unidirektioneller
Torsion.
iiiPreface
The present dissertation comprises the work performed under the DFG-project Coherent
1control and coherent spectroscopies in complex systems . The project has focused on
the theoretical characterization and manipulation of light-triggered, biologically inspired
molecularmotors. Theresultsobtainedduringthecourseofthisprojectarepresentedfully
inthecorrespondingarticles,whichhavebeenpublishedininternationalscientificjournals.
A fourth publication is currently in preparation. A summary of the published results can
befoundinSections3.1to3.3, whichcanbereadindependentlyfromtheoriginalarticles,
2provided in Section 3.5 as facsimiles. Two additional articles , closely related to the
presented work, have been published as a result of the supervision of the diploma-thesis
from Dipl. Chem. M. Aßmann. Additionally, several programs have been developed from
scratch, either to implement existing methodologies or for other purposes concerning this
work. These programs are included in the appendix with a brief description.
1
The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknowledged for financial support.
2
See items 8 and 5 in the publication list.
vContents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xiii
List of Articles xv
Nomenclature xvii
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Biological Molecular Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. Nanoscale Molecular Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3. Laser Control of Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2. Theoretical Framework 27
2.1. The Schr¨odinger Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2. The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3. Solutions to the Schr¨odinger Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3. Results 39
3.1. Ground State Conformations of Overcrowded Alkenes . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2. Photochemistry of the Model Olefin BCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3. Light-Triggered Unidirectional Rotation of BCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4. Computational Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.5. Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4. Conclusions and Outlook 115
5. Zusammenfassung 119
Bibliography 125
Curriculum Vitae 139
List of Publications 141
Acknowledgments 143
Appendix: Programs 153
vii

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