Minimal flavour violation in the quark and lepton sector and beyond [Elektronische Ressource] / Selma Larissa Uhlig

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• Physik

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• Publié par: technische_universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Physik Department
Minimal Flavour Violation
in the Quark and Lepton Sector
and beyond
Dissertation
von
Selma Uhlig
Durchgefu¨hrt am Lehrstuhl T31 von Prof. Dr. A. J. Buras
Physik Department
Technische Universit¨at Mu¨nchen
D-85748 Garching, GermanyPhysik Department
Technische Universit¨at Mu¨nchen
Institut fu¨r Theoretische Physik
Lehrstuhl: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Andrzej J. Buras
Minimal Flavour Violation
in the Quark and Lepton Sector
and beyond
Selma Larissa Uhlig
Vollst¨andiger Abdruck der von der Fakult¨at fu¨r Physik der Technische Universit¨at Mu¨nchen
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.)
genehmigten Dissertation.
Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Franz von Feilitzsch
Pru¨fer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Andrzej J. Buras
2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang F. L. Hollik
Die Dissertation wurde am 11.12.2007 bei der Technische Universit¨at Mu¨nchen eingereicht
und durch die Fakult¨at fu¨r Physik am 07.01.2008 angenommen.Abstract
We address to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe ina framework that
generalizes the quark minimal flavour violation hypothesis to the lepton sector. We study
the impact of CP violation present at low and high energies and investigate the existence of
correlations among leptogenesis and lepton flavour violation.
Further we present an approach alternative to minimal flavour violation where the suppres-
sion of flavour changing transitions involving quarks and leptons is governed by hierarchical
fermion wave functions.
Vorwort
ZieldieserArbeitistes,dieMaterie-AntimaterieAsymmetriedesUniversumsinnerhalbeines
Szenarios zu erkl¨aren, in dem die Hypothese der minimalen Flavour Verletzung vom Quark
auf den Leptonen Sektor erweitert wurde. Wir untersuchen den Einfluss von CP Verletzung
bei hohen und niederen Energien und ob Korrelationen zwischen Leptogenese und Lepton
Flavour Verletzung existieren.
Desweiteren pr¨asentieren wir einen Ansatz alternativ zur minimalen Flavour Verletzung,
¨der die Unterdru¨ckung von Flavour ¨andernden Uberg¨angen durch hierarchische fermionische
Wellenfunktionen gew¨ahrleistet.Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Minimal Flavour Violation in the Quark Sector 5
2.1 Introducing MFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Effective Field Theory Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Minimal Flavour Violation in the Lepton Sector 7
3.1 Lepton Flavour Violation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Minimal Lepton Flavour Violation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3 CP Violation at low and high Energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.1 Leptonic Mixing and CP Violation at low Energies . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.2 Lepton Flavour Violation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.3 CP Violation relevant for Leptogenesis: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 A useful Parametrization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 The Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe 15
5 Thermal Leptogenesis 17
5.1 Efficiency and Wash-out Regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2 Boltzmann Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3 Mass Hierarchies and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.4 Flavour Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Radiative Resonant Leptogenesis 27
6.1 A Natural Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.2 MLFV with a Degeneracy Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.3 Radiatively generated Flavour Structure and large Logarithms . . . . . . . . 28
6.4 Renormalization Group Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.4.1 Renormalization Group and Leptogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.4.2 RGE, the PMNS Matrix and Δ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33ij
6.4.3 CP Asymmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.4.4 Iterative and simplified Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7 MLFV and Leptogenesis 37
7.1 Numerical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2 Two quasi-degenerate heavy Majorana Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.3 Three quasi-degenerate heavy Majorana Neutrinos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.4 LFV Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.5 Comparison of different Analyses present in the Literature . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.6 Final Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8 MLFV and Leptogenesis without high-energy CP Violation 51
8.1 Leptogenesis with a real R Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.2 CP Violation governed by a single PMNS Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
8.3 LFV Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9 Hierarchical Fermion Wave Functions: Going beyond MFV 59
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
9.2 Basic Setup for the Quark Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
9.3 Bounds from Quark FCNCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
9.3.1 ΔF = 2 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
9.3.2 ΔF = 1 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
9.4 Operators involving Lepton Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
9.5 Bounds from LFV Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.6 Discussion and Comparison to MFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10 Conclusions 73
A Iterative Solution of the Renormalization Group Equations 751 Introduction
Intheabsenceofnewdynamics, theelectro-weakscalewouldreceiveenormouscontributions
from radiative corrections. In order to explain this hierarchy problem, new physics should
appear at the TeV scale. Quark masses break the electro-weak symmetry and therefore are
necessarily connected to thisnew physics which implies that the new dynamics that stabilize
the electro-weak scale lead to new flavour physics.
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics can be regarded as the low-energy limit of
a general effective Lagrangian. The flavour structure of the quark sector of the SM is
very specific: The two Yukawa matrices are quasi-aligned in flavour space with the only
misalignments parametrizedbytheCKMmatrixandtheeigenvalues oftheYukawa matrices
are very hierarchical. These features govern a strong suppression of flavour changing neutral
current (FCNC) transitions due to the GIM mechanism which renders this kind of processes
small such that they are in agreement with data.
GoingbeyondtheSMhowever, therecouldbeseveraladditionalflavourstructuresappearing
in the tower of higher dimensional operators that belongs to the non-renormalizeable part
of the effective Lagrangian. However, if we assume the effective scale of new physics in the
TeV range, experiments leave only a very limited roomfor new flavour structures. A natural
solution to this problem which is known as the (quark) flavour problem is provided by the
Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) hypothesis.
In the lepton sector, a flavour problem exists as well. The discovery of neutrino oscilla-
tionsprovidesevidence fornon-vanishingneutrino massesleading toleptonflavour violation.
However, lepton flavour violating processes such as μ→ eγ have not been observed so far
implying a strong suppression of such transitions. In the SM, neutrinos are strictly massless
since Diracmasses cannot beconstructed due tothe absence ofright-handed neutrinos while
left-handed Majorana masses are not present due to exact (B−L) conservation.
Another clear signal for beyond SM physics has been obtained from cosmological observa-
tions. Theexistenceofthebaryonasymmetryoftheuniverse(BAU)isexperimentallyproven
and its magnitude has precisely been determined by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
Probe (WMAP) satellite as well as from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Interestingly, the smallness of the neutrino masses as well as the generation of the BAU
by means of leptogenesis can be explained in the context of see-saw models in which neutri-2 1. Introduction
nos are assumed to be Majorana particles and heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos are
introduced. Furthermore, if the see-saw mechanism is indeed the source of the light neutrino
masses, leptogenesis is qualitatively unavoidable and the question whether this mechanism
is responsible for the BAU reduces to a quantitative problem. Unfortunately, even in the
simplest realization of the see-saw model, the theory has too many parameters. Indeed,
extending the SM by three heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos, the high-energy sector
haseighteen parameters andnine of those enter into theeffective neutrino mass matrix mea-
surable at low energies making it difficult but desirable to establish a direct