Molecular ecological analysis of methanogenic communities in terrestrial and submarine permafrost deposits of Siberian Laptev Sea area [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Katharina Feige geb. Koch

Katharina Koch

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_potsdam
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 35
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 11 Mo

Extrait

Molecular ecological analysis of methanogenic
communities in terrestrial and submarine permafrost
deposits of Siberian Laptev Sea area






Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften
- Dr. rer. nat. -


dem Fachbereich Biologie
Universität Potsdam
vorgelegt von






Katharina Feige
geb. Koch





Potsdam, den 09.06.2009
Die Untersuchungen zur vorliegenden Dissertation wurden am Alfred-Wegener-
Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in Potsdam durchgeführt. Einzelne Analysen
erfolgten zusätzlich an der Technischen Universität Berlin im Fachbereich für
Umweltmikrobiologie (Prof. Ulrich Szewzyk).









































1. Gutachter: PD Dr. habil. Dirk Wagner
2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Antje Boetius
3. Gutachter: Dr. German Jurgens








































What we know is
a drop
What we don’t know is
an ocean

Isaac Newton
















































Published online at the
Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam:
URL http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3799/
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37998
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37998
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE................................................................................................................................................ II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................................... II
ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................................IV
SUMMARY......................V
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .........................................................................................................................VI

1. INTRODUCTION................. 1
1.1 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE AND METHANE EMISSION.......................................................... 1
1.1.2 PERMAFROST – A SENSITIVE INDICATOR FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.................... 1
1.1.3 TERRESTRIAL PERMAFROST – STRESSED WITH SEVERAL PROCESSES......................... 3
1.1.5 METHANOGENS IN PERMAFROST – ROBUST MICROORGANISMS ..................................... 5
1.2 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 STUDY SITE.................... 9
1.4 OVERVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................... 11

2. PUBLICATIONS................................................................................................................................ 14
2.1 FIRST PUBLICATION: METHANOGENIC COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND ANAEROBIC
CARBON TURNOVER IN SUBMARINE PERMAFROST SEDIMENTS OF THE SIBERIAN
LAPTEV SEA......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 SECOND PUBLICATION: COMPARISON OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN TERRESTRIAL
AND SUBMARINE PERMAFROST SEDIMENTS FROM THE SIBERIAN LAPTEV SEA AREA ........ 26
2.3 THIRD PUBLICATION: METHANOGENIC COMMUNITIES ANALYSED BY IN VITRO USING
DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ON TERRESTRIAL AND SUBMARINE
PERMAFROST SAMPLES OF THE SIBERIAN LAPTEV SEA SHELF AREA..................................... 50

3. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 66
3.1 SYNTHESIS .................................................................................................................................... 66
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 66
3.1.2 ARCHAEAL COMMUNITY ABUNDANCE AND STRUCTURE.................................................. 66
3.1.3 IN VITRO EXPERIMENT WITH METHANOGENIC COMMUNITIES.......................................... 68
3.2 CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................................. 70
3.3 FUTURE RESEARCH..................................................................................................................... 72

APPENDIX: FOURTH PUBLICATION: METHANE CYCLE IN TERRESTRIAL AND SUBMARINE
DEPOSITS OF THE LAPTEV SEA REGION........................................................................................ 73

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 78
I PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PREFACE
This work was part of the joint research project “Process studies of permafrost
dynamics in the Laptev Sea” financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education
and Research (BMBF) and of the Russian-German Cooperation “System Laptev
Sea”. The main focus of the Laptev Sea System Project was the formation of the
submarine permafrost within the near-shore zone of the shallow shelf. Studies of
permafrost evolution in the coastal zone allow us to understand the on-shore/off-
shore permafrost system evolution more precisely (Overduin et al., 2007).
The coastal drilling transect campaign was conducted in spring 2005 in the Cape
Mamontov Klyk area (Siberian Laptev Sea Shelf area, Russia). Cores were drilled
along an 11.5 km transect from terrestrial to submarine permafrost. Field research
and sampling were carried out during the expedition COAST I 2005. This study is
presented in English as a cumulative Ph.D. thesis at the University of Potsdam,
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology.
This thesis includes an introduction of the particular research field including the
scientific background and descriptions of the study area. The main part of this thesis
contains three publications as first author. The first was published (under my maiden
name Koch). The second has been submitted and the third is in preparation for
submission (both under my married name Feige). The final part of my thesis
comprises a publication as co-author and a synthesis representing the conclusions
and future perspectives of the work.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my very sincere thanks to Dr. habil. Dirk Wagner for accepting
me into his working group. He gave me the opportunity to conduct research freely in
the natural sciences. I have profited greatly from his experience and expertise in
structuring and representing complex relationships in a clear and transparent
manner. Thank you, Dirk, for your consistent treatment of me with respect and dignity
and for your comments on this thesis.
I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Antje Boetius and Dr. German Jurgens cordially a being
the reviewer of this thesis.
I thank Prof. Dr. Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten as head of AWI Research Unit Potsdam
for his ever positive thoughts and patience. I also thank him for permitting my
participation in the LENA 2008 expedition and for supporting my attendance at
various national and international conferences.
I would like to thank all the current and former members of the working group
“GEOMICS“ and naturally also “GEOCHEMICS“ (Ute, Antje) for the excellent group
II PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
work and the always friendly and humorous atmosphere. Special thanks goes to Lars
Ganzert alias Larsen, Juliane Griess alias Jule, Esther Rickert, Hugues Lantuit, and
Georg Schwamborn for the deep, useful, and upbeat discussions and exchanges we
have had. Both at and outside of work, I had a great time with you. The same goes
for Dr. Daria Morozova and Dr. Susanne Liebner, who are no longer at our institute.
Dear Susi and Daria, I thank you for your fond encouragement and for listening.
Thank you to all my colleagues in the periglacial department!
I thank Dr. Christian Knoblauch and Dr. Paul Overduin for their chemical analyses,
willingness to be co-authors, and upbeat sense of humor. Christian, it was great
being with you on the expedition in Samoylov. Paul, I enjoyed our time on the trip to
Bremerhaven in preparation for the expedition. Our talks, Paul, with you as lay-
microbiologi