Motion processing in MT+ and structural connectivity in SPEM and MT+ [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Qing Mao

Mao

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• Publié par: albert-ludwigs-universitat_freiburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 20
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Universitätsklinik, Radiologische Klinik, Medizin Physik
an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau





Motion Processing in MT+ and Structural Connectivity in
SPEM and MT+


INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION
zur
Erlangung des Medizinischen Doktorgrades
der Medizinischen Fakultät
der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg i.Br.


Vorgelegt 2010
von Qing Mao
geboren in Henan, China
























Dekan Prof. Dr. Dr. Hubert Erich Blum
1. Gutachter Prof. Dr. Jürgen Hennig
2. Gutachter Prof. Dr. Irina Mader
Jahr der Promotion 2010 Acknowledgements

This thesis would not have been possible without the assistance of many
people whose contributions I gratefully acknowledge.
My deepest gratitude is to my advisor, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Hennig for the
encouragement, guidance and support of this thesis. I am also very grateful to
I am especially grateful to Dr. Sabine Ohlendorf (Freiburg/Münich) for making
this thesis possible and for her generous guidance and support, I learned very
much from her!
I am grateful to my colleagues Dr. Pierre Leven, Dr.Kuanjin Lee, Dr. Thomas
Lange, Dr. Hsulei Lee, Benjamin Zahneisen Thimo Grotz and Dr. Daniel
Gallichan,for correcting this dissertation, and Dr. Marco Reisert and Susanne
Schnell for their suggestions and guidance in the fiber tracking study. I also
grateful to Constantin Anastasopoulos who gave me lots of suggestion in fiber
tracking, and I owe a special note of gratitude to my former colleague Rainer
Bögle (Freiburg/Munich) who supported me in many issues such as the
smooth pursuit experiment as well as dissertation corrections, and Kun Zhou
(Freiburg/Beijing) who invested considerable effort in the stimulus program.
Furthermore my special thanks go to Ms Laurence Haller, Prof. Dr. Kurt
Fritzsche in Psychosomatic Medicine und Psychotherapy Department of
Freiburg University Hospital and his wife, Mrs. Geneviève Plasson. They gave
me a lot of care in the past one and half years.
I would like to express my gratitude to all colleagues of the Medical Physics
Department who made it possible to work in a very open and friendly
atmosphere.
I owe my deepest gratitude to my wife and my parents, and the other family
members, this thesis would not have been possible without their persistent
support and encouragement.
And last but not least, I appreciate all subjects in my study, thereby offering
the opportunity to carry out this study.
Abbreviation
BA Brodmann Area
BOLD Blood Oxygen Level Dependency
CBF Cortical Blood Flow
CBV CorticalBlood Volum
EEG Electroencephanlography
EPI Echoplanar Imaging
EOG Electrooculography
FEF Frontal Eye Fields
FST Fundus area of Superior Temporal
FS Fiber Tracking
fMRI functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FEW Family Wise Error
GLM General Linear Model
GM Grey Matter
HRF Haemodynamic Response Function
IPL Inferior Parietal Lobule
IPS rietal Sulcus
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
LIP Lateral Intraparietal area
LOC Lateral Occipital Complex
MNI Montreal Neurological Institute
MR Magnetic Resonance
MST Middle Superior Temporal
MT Middle Temporal
MT+ Middle Temporal Complex
pCG posterior Cingulate Gyrus
PCU Precuneus
PET Positron Emission Tomography
PIP Posterior Intraparietal area
PMd dorsal Premotor Cortex PPC Posterior Parietal Cortex
RF Radio Frequency
ROI Region Of Interest
SC Superior Colliculus
SEF Supplementary Eye Fields
SMA supplementary Motor Area
SnPM Statistical non Parametric Mapping
SPEM Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements
SPL Superior Parietal Lobule
SPM Statistical Parametric Mapping
STS Superior Temooral Sulus
V1 Primary visual area
V2 Visual area2
V3 Visualarea 3
V4 Visual area4
VIP Ventral Intraparietal area
WM White Matter

Chapter 1. General Introduction..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Basic features of MT+ and its subregions ................................................................ 2
1.1.1 MT+ ................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1.1 MT+ location .............................................................................................. 2
1.1.1.2 MT+ properties ........................................................................................... 2
1.1.2 MT...................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.2.1 MT localization 3
1.1.2.2 MT properties.............................................................................................. 3
1.1.3 MST ................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.3.1 MST localization......................................................................................... 4
1.1.3.2 MST properties 5
1.2 Smooth pursuit eye movements................................................................................ 6
1.2.1 SPEM introduction............................................................................................. 7
1.2.2 Pursuit-related activity recorded other parts of the cortex................................. 7
1.2.3.1 Frontal eye fields (FEF).............................................................................. 8
1.2.3.2 Supplementary eye fields (SEF) ................................................................. 9
1.2.3.3 Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) 10
1.3 Optic flow ............................................................................................................... 11
1.3.1 Optic flow introduction.................................................................................... 11
1.3.2 Optic flow processing in the cortex ................................................................. 11
1.3.3 Optic flow processing in humans..................................................................... 12
1.4 fMRI........................................................................................................................ 13
1.4.1 BOLD introduction .......................................................................................... 14
1.4.2 Approaches to fMRI data analysis................................................................... 15
1.5 Structural connectivity determination by means of DTI based fiber tracking........ 15
1.5.1 Fiber tracking................................................................................................... 16
1.5.2 Combining fiber tracking with fMRI............................................................... 17
1.6 Aim of this study..................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 2: Bold activation response of MT+ subregions to optic flow stimulations at
different locations of the visual field ............................................................................. 18
2. 1 Materials and methods ........................................................................................... 18
12.1.1 Subjects............................................................................................................ 18
2.1.2 Eye movement measurements.......................................................................... 18
2.1.3 MR Imaging..................................................................................................... 19
2.1.4 Visual stimulation ............................................................................................ 20
2.1.4.1Visual stimulation patterns ........................................................................ 20
2.1.5 fMRI methods .................................................................................................. 22
2.1.5.1 fMRI data analysis .................................................................................... 22
2.1.5.2 CARET analysis........................................................................................ 24
2.2 Results..................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.1 Eye Movement results...................................................................................... 25
2.2.2 fMRI results ..................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2.1 BOLD activation response to optic flow at different locations of the visual
field ....................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2.2 Activations resulting from optic flow stimulation at different locations.. 26
2.2.2.3 Spatial relationship of cortical area........................................................... 28
2.3 Discussion..............