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Publié par | eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2009 |
Nombre de lectures | 11 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 1 Mo |
Extrait
Aus der Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Tübingen
Abteilung Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie mit Poliklinik
Ärztlicher Direktor: Professor Dr. G. Buchkremer
Neural representation of conceptual knowledge in
schizophrenic patients
An fMRI study
Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Medizin
der Medizinischen Fakultät
der Eberhard-Karls-Universität
zu Tübingen
vorgelegt von
Dorothea Anne Holzwarth
aus
München
2009
Dekan: Professor Dr. I. B. Autenrieth
1. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. M. Bartels
2. Berstatter: r Dr. T. Kircher
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 6
1.1 Organization of conceptual knowledge 6
1.1.1 Brain lesion studies 6
1.1.2 Sensory‐functional theory 7
1.1.3 Domain‐specific theory 9
1.1.4 Conceptual structure theory 10
1.2 Investigation methods and empirical data 12
1.2.1 Empirical data for the sensory‐functional theory 12
1.2.2 Empirical evidence for the domain ‐ specific theory 13
1.2.3 Empirical evidence for the conceptual ‐ structure theory 15
1.3 Schizophrenia 17
1.3.1 Definition and Epidemiology 17
1.3.2 Aetiology and Pathophysiology 17
1.3.5 Language in schizophrenic patients and Formal Thought Disorder 19
1.3.6 Semantic categorisation in schizophrenic patients 20
1.4 Social cognition 22
1.5 (Functional) Magnetic Resonance Imaging ((f)MRI) 26
1.6 Aim of the Study 28
2. METHODS 29
3. RESULTS 39
3.1 Representation of single contrasts 39
3.1.1 Main contrasts in healthy controls 39
3.1.2 Main contrasts in patients 40
3.2 Representation of differential contrasts in healthy controls 44
3.3.1 Animal vs. food, human, and tool 44
3.3.2 Food vs. animal, human, and tool 45
3.3.3 Human vs. animal, food, and tool 45
3.3.4 Tools vs. animals, human and food 46
3.3.5 Living vs. nonliving and vice versa 46
3.4 Representation of differential contrasts in patients 47
3.4.1 Animal vs. human, tool, and food 47
3.4.2 Food vs. animal, human, and tool 48
3.4.3 Human vs. animal, food and tool 48
3.4.4 Tool vs. animal, human and food 48
3.4.5 Living vs. nonliving and vice versa 49
2 Table of Contents
3.5 Comparison of patients and healthy controls 49
3.5.1 Two‐group comparison for the condition “main” 50
3.5.2 Two‐group comparison for the ion “animal” 50
3.5.3 Two‐group comparison for the condition “food” 50
3.5.4 Two‐group comparison for the ion “human” 51
3.5.5 Two‐group comparison for the condition “tool” 51
3.5.6 Two‐group comparison for the ion “living” 51
3.5.7 Two‐group comparison for the condition “nonliving” 52
3.5.8 Two‐group comparison between differential contrasts “living” and “nonliving” in patients and
controls 53
3.6 Effect of arousal and valence 54
3.6.1 Single contrasts with covariates 54
3.6.2 Differential contrasts with covariates 54
4. DISCUSSION 55
5. CONCLUSION 72
6. REFERENCES 73
7. TABLES 86
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 99
9. CURRICULUM VITAE 100
3 Table of Figures
Table of Figures
FIGURE 1: SCHEMA REPRESENTING THE 3 DIFFERENT THEORIES. 11
FIGURE 2: BRAIN REGIONS, INVOLVES IN SOCIAL COGNITION; MPFC MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; TOP
TEMPORO‐PARIETAL JUNCTION; STS SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; FOR EXPLANATION SEE TEXT
25
FIGURE 3: EXAMPLE IAPS PICTURES FOR THE “ANIMAL” AND “HUMAN” CATEGORY 33
FIGURE 4: EXAMPLE IAPS PICTURES FOR THE “FOOD” AND “TOOL” CATEGORY 33
FIGURE 5: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “MAIN”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS 42
FIGURE 6: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “ANIMAL”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS 42
FIGURE 7: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “FOOD”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS 42
FIGURE 8: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “HUMAN”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS 43
FIGURE 9: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “TOOL”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS 43
FIGURE 10: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “LIVING”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS 43
FIGURE 11: CONTRASTS FOR THE CONDITION “NONLIVING”, LEFT FOR CONTROLS, RIGHT FOR PATIENTS
44
FIGURE 12: DIFFERENTIAL CONTRAST “FOOD VS. TOOL” IN HEALTHY CONTROLS 45
FIGURE 13: DIFFERENTIAL CONTRAST “HUMAN VS. FOOD” IN HEALTHY CONTROLS 46
FIGURE 14: DIFFERENTIAL CONTRAST “LIVING VS. NONLIVING” IN HEALTHY CONTROLS 47
FIGURE 15: DIFFERENTIAL CONTRAST “HUMAN VS. TOOL” IN PATIENTS 48
FIGURE 16: DIFFERENTIAL CONTRAST “LIVING VS. NONLIVING” IN PATIENTS 49
FIGURE 17: TWO‐GROUP COMPARISON “PATIENTS VS. CONTROLS” FOR THE CONDITION “MAIN” 50
FIGURE 18: TWO‐GROUP COMPARISON “PATIENTS VS. CONTROLS” FOR THE CONDITION “TOOL” 51
FIGURE 19: TWO‐GROUP COMPARISON “PATIENTS VS. CONTROLS” FOR THE CONDITION “LIVING” 52
FIGURE 20: TWO‐GROUP COMPARISON “PATIENTS VS. CONTROLS” FOR THE CONDITION “NONLIVING”
52
4 Table of Tables
Table of Tables
TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF RESULTS OF THE MENTIONED NEUROIMAGING STUDIES 16
TABLE 2: CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS. RL (RISPERDAL), CL (CLOZAPIN),