Optical generation of mm-wave signals for use in broadband radio over fiber systems [Elektronische Ressource] / Ignacio González Insua

Gonzalez Lodge

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• Publié par: technische_universitat_dresden
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Ignacio González Insua Optical generation of mm-wave signals for use in broadband radio over fiber systems

Beiträge aus der Informationstechnik

Ignacio González Insua

Optical generation of mm-wave signals for use in broadband radio over fiber systems

VOGT Dresden 2010

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.

Bibliographic Information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibiograpic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2010

Die vorliegende Arbeit stimmt mit dem Original der Dissertation „Optical generation of mm-wave signals for use in broadband radio over fiber systems“ von Ignacio González Insua überein.

© Jörg Vogt Verlag 2010 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. All rights reserved.

Gesetzt vom Autor

ISBN 978-3-938860-40-3

Jörg Vogt Verlag Niederwaldstr. 36 01277 Dresden Germany

Phone: [phone] Telefax: [phone] e-mail: [e-mail] Internet : www.vogtverlag.de

Technische Universität Dresden

Optical generation of mm-wave signals for use in

broadband radio over fiber systems

Ignacio González Insua

von der Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der

Technischen Universität Dresden

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines

Doktoringenieurs

(Dr.-Ing.)

genehmigte Dissertation

Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Jorswieck Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. C.G. Schäffer  Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. D. Jäger

Tag der Einreichung 4. September 2009 Tag der Verteidigung 4. Februar 2010

Table of Contents

1

2

3

4

Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1

General system requirements for mobile broadband communication systems.......... 5

2.1

Gigabit wireless communications ....................................................................................... 5

2.2 Millimetre wave propagation .............................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Free space propagation.................................................................................................................... 7

2.3

Channel capacity .................................................................................................................. 9

2.4 Technical challenges .......................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 Channel propagation ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 Antenna technology ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.4.3 Integrated circuit technology......................................................................................................... 17 2.4.4 Modulation schemes...................................................................................................................... 19

2.5 Signal transport schemes: radio over fiber architectures .............................................. 21 2.5.1 Downlink transmission.................................................................................................................. 21 2.5.2 Uplink transmission ...................................................................................................................... 24

Optical methods for microwave signal generation...................................................... 27

3.1 Heterodyned laser techniques ........................................................................................... 27 3.1.1 Mode-locking ................................................................................................................................ 28 3.1.2 Injection-locking ........................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.3 Phase locked loops ........................................................................................................................ 29

3.2

External optical modulators.............................................................................................. 30

Propagation of mm-wave signals in optical waveguides............................................. 33

4.1 Chromatic dispersion......................................................................................................... 34 4.1.1 Chromatic dispersion impaired system ......................................................................................... 37

4.2 IM/DD fiber optic mm-wave links .................................................................................... 41 4.2.1 Unmodulated mm-wave carrier..................................................................................................... 43 4.2.2 Modulated carrier with an intermediate frequency f IF ................................................................... 47

4.3 Effects of transmitter chirp ............................................................................................... 51 4.3.1 Directly modulated IF links........................................................................................................... 51 4.3.2 Externally modulated IF links ....................................................................................................... 54

V

Table of Contents

5

6

7

8

4.4

4.5

4.6

Remote heterodyne detection fiber optic mm-wave links .............................................. 57

Phased induced intensity noise ......................................................................................... 63

Polarization mode dispersion ............................................................................................ 65

Electrooptical upconversion methods........................................................................... 69

5.1 Mach-Zehnder modulator................................................................................................. 69 5.1.1 Mach-Zehnder modulator biased at MIN ...................................................................................... 75

5.2 Fiber loop............................................................................................................................ 82 5.2.1 Fiber loop with a phase modulator ................................................................................................ 84 5.2.2 Fiber loop with a semiconductor optical amplifier........................................................................ 96

Comparison of optical heterodyne receiver architectures........................................ 109

6.1 Amplitude shift keying (ASK)......................................................................................... 109 6.1.1 Receivers with coherent demodulation ....................................................................................... 113 6.1.2 Receivers with incoherent demodulation .................................................................................... 115

6.2

6.3

6.4

Phase shift keying (PSK) ................................................................................................. 119

Linewidth effects .............................................................................................................. 121

Overview ........................................................................................................................... 122

System experiments...................................................................................................... 125

7.1 Fiber loop setup................................................................................................................ 125 7.1.1 Fiber loop with phase modulator................................................................................................. 125 7.1.2 Fiber loop with SOA ................................................................................................................... 129

7.2 Broadband radio over fiber wireless access .................................................................. 133 7.2.1 Optical double sideband data modulation ................................................................................... 134 7.2.2 Optical single sideband data modulation..................................................................................... 141 7.2.3 Comparison ODSB vs OSSB ...................................................................................................... 150

7.3 Heterodyned uncorrelated lasers.................................................................................... 153 7.3.1 RF bandwidth .............................................................................................................................. 155 7.3.2 Laser linewidth............................................................................................................................ 156 7.3.3 Simple remote heterodyne with diode detector ........................................................................... 158

7.4

VI

Overview ........................................................................................................................... 163

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 165

Literature .............................................................................................................................. 171

Acknowledgments................................................................................................................. 183

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Phase modulation index measurements of PM...................................... 187

Phase modulation index measurement of SOAs.................................... 193

SOA datasheets ......................................................................................... 199

VPI simulation schematics....................................................................... 205

Curriculum Vitae ................................................................................................................. 208

VII

Table of Contents

VIII

List of Constants, Variables and Acronyms

Constants c h k B π q Symbols α α eff α int α LE α MZM a 0 β B B n β 2 B j C C/N pen CS el CS opt d d 0 δ D D M D W Δf Δφ Δ φ FM,IM Δg ΔL ΔL 0 ΔL path Δn ΔP Δθ ΔT Δ T N Δλ Δτ Δτ disp Δτ path

Light speed in vacuum Planck’s constant Boltzmann constant pi Electron charge

6 299.79⋅10 m/s -34 2 6.62·10 Ws -23 1.3807·10 J/K 3.1416 -19 1.6022·10 As

Fiber loss parameter Effectiveα-factor SOA internal loss Linewidth enhancement factor Chirp parameter of a Mach Zehnder modulator Average optical intensity Propagation constant Bandwidth Noise bandwidth Group velocity dispersion parameter Oscillator strength Channel capacity Carrier to noise penalty Electrical carrier suppression Optical carrier suppression Distance (general) Reference distance Dirac impulse Dispersion parameter Material dispersion Waveguide dispersion Frequency separation Optical phase difference Phase offset between frequency and intensity modulation Gain variation Length difference Repetition length of transmission zeros Optical path length difference Birefringence index Power variation Electrical phase difference Pulse broadening Normalized pulse broadening Wavelength spectral width Differential propagation delay Dispersion induced differential propagation delay Path difference induced differential propagation delay

IX