Oral vaccination with a recombinant Salmonellavaccine vector provokes systemic HIV-1 subtype C Gag-specific CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cell immune responses in mice

Chin'Ombe Nyasha, Bourn, Williamson Anna-Lise, Shephard

Description

Recombinant Salmonella vaccine vectors may potentially be used to induce specific CD4+ T cell responses against foreign viral antigens. Such immune responses are required features of vaccines against pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of systemic HIV-1-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) responses in mice after oral immunization with a live attenuated Salmonella vaccine vector that expressed HIV-1 subtype C Gag. Groups of BALB/c mice were vaccinated orally three times (4 weeks apart) with this recombinant Salmonella . At sacrifice, 28 days after the last immunization, systemic CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assay and cytometric bead array. HIV-1 Gag-specific IgG1 and IgG2a humoral responses in the serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Mice vaccinated with the recombinant Salmonella elicited both HIV-1-specific Th1 (interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and Th2 (interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5)) cytokine responses. The vaccine induced 70 (IFN-γ) spot-forming units (SFUs)/10e6 splenocytes and 238 IL-4 SFUs/10e6 splenocytes. Splenocytes from vaccinated mice also produced high levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon stimulation with a Gag CD4 peptide. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-5 were 7.5-, 29.1-, 26.2- and 89.3-fold above the background, respectively. Both HIV-1 Gag-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were detected in the sera of vaccinated mice. Conclusion The study highlights the potential of orally-delivered attenuated Salmonella as mucosal vaccine vectors for HIV-1 Subtype C Gag to induce Gag-specific CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses and antibodies which may be important characteristics required for protection against HIV-1 infection.

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 44
• Langue: English

Extrait

Virology Journal

BioMedCentral

Open Access Research Oral vaccination with a recombinantSalmonellavaccine vector provokes systemic HIV1 subtype C Gagspecific CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cell immune responses in mice 1 1,41,2 Nyasha Chin'ombe, William R Bourn, AnnaLise Williamsonand 1,3 Enid G Shephard*

1 Address: Instituteof Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape 2 3 Town, South Africa,National Health Laboratory Services, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Medicine, Faculty 4 of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa andKapa Biosystems (Pty) Ltd, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa Email: Nyasha Chin'ombe  [e-mail]; William R Bourn  [e-mail]; Anna Lise Williamson  Anna[e-mail]; Enid G Shephard*  [e-mail] * Corresponding author

Published: 25 June 2009Received: 30 April 2009 Accepted: 25 June 2009 Virology Journal2009,6:87 doi:10.1186/1743422X687 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/6/1/87 © 2009 Chin'ombe et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract Background:RecombinantSalmonellavaccine vectors may potentially be used to induce specific CD4+ T cell responses against foreign viral antigens. Such immune responses are required features of vaccines against pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1). The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of systemic HIV1specific CD4+ T helper (Th) responses in mice after oral immunization with a live attenuatedSalmonellavaccine vector that expressed HIV 1 subtype C Gag. Groups of BALB/c mice were vaccinated orally three times (4 weeks apart) with this recombinantSalmonella. At sacrifice, 28 days after the last immunization, systemic CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses were evaluated by enzymelinked immunospot assay and cytometric bead array. HIV1 Gagspecific IgG1 and IgG2a humoral responses in the serum were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results:Mice vaccinated with the recombinantSalmonellaelicited both HIV1specific Th1 (interferongamma (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNFα)) and Th2 (interleukin4 (IL 4) and interleukin5 (IL5)) cytokine responses. The vaccine induced 70 (IFNγ) spotforming units (SFUs)/10e6 splenocytes and 238 IL4 SFUs/10e6 splenocytes. Splenocytes from vaccinated mice also produced high levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon stimulation with a Gag CD4 peptide. The levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL4 and IL5 were 7.5, 29.1, 26.2 and 89.3fold above the background, respectively. Both HIV1 Gagspecific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were detected in the sera of vaccinated mice. Conclusion:The study highlights the potential of orallydelivered attenuatedSalmonellaas mucosal vaccine vectors for HIV1 Subtype C Gag to induce Gagspecific CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses and antibodies which may be important characteristics required for protection against HIV1 infection.

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