Plant geography of Chile [Elektronische Ressource] : an essay on postmodern biogeography / vorgelegt von Andrés Moreira-Muñoz

Informations

• Publié par: friedrich-alexander-universitat_erlangen-nurnberg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 14 Mo

Extrait

Plant Geography of Chile
An Essay on Postmodern Biogeography
Den Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten
der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
zur
Erlangung des Doktorgrades
vorgelegt von
Andrés Moreira-Muñoz
aus Los Angeles, Chile
Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes (DAAD)
Als Dissertation genehmigt von den Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Donnerstag 4. Juni 007
Vorsitzender der
Promotioskommision: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Bänsch
Erstberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Michael Richter
Zweitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Tod Stuessy
4A Paola, Silene, Coyán y Sayén

Contents
Zusammenfassung / Summary...............................................................................................8
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................
. Inventing plant geography ............................................................................................
. Chorology and Arealkunde ...........................................................................................
. Naming the plant world ................................................................................................9
.4 From the map to the tree: cladistics and biogeography ................................................4
. The fragmented map of modern biogeography .............................................................7
. Postmodern biogeography: de(re)constructing the map ...............................................9
Chile, a Remote Corner on Earth .........................................................................................7
. Romancing the South: the discovery of a virgin world ................................................7
2.2 Classification of the Chilean plants: a modern (but not definitive) synthesis ...............4
2.3 Geographical classification of the Chilean flora ...........................................................47
.4 Excursus: vegetation maps and Vegetationsbilder ........................................................0
2.5 Geographic ranges in the latitudinal profile ..................................................................
Geographic Relationships of the Chilean Flora ...................................................................7
3.1 Pantropical floristic element .........................................................................................7
3.2 Australasiatic floristic element ......................................................................................7
3.3 Neotropical (American) floristic element .....................................................................7
3.4 Antitropical floristic element 77
3.5 South-temperate floristic element .................................................................................80
3.6 Endemic floristic element .............................................................................................8
3.7 Cosmopolitan floristic element .....................................................................................8
4 Biogeographic analysis ........................................................................................................89
4.. To be or not to be disjunct ............................................................................................90
4.2 The austral v/s the neotropical floristic realm ...............................................................9
4. Analysis of Endemism ..................................................................................................9
4.4 The disintegration of the endemic and the south-temperate elements ........................0
4.5 Plant geography of the Chilean Pacific islands ...........................................................0
Palaeogeography: insights into the Evolution of the Chilean Flora .................................. 7
. Continental movements: fragmenting the Earth’s surface .......................................... 7
. Oceanic transgressions over the continental surface ..................................................
. The Andean uplift........................................................................................................8
.4 The last 0 000 years: surviving the Ice Age ..............................................................9
5.5 Alternative palaeogeographies: against scientific consensus ......................................
6 Phylogeny of the Chilean Plants / Conflicts in Systematics and Biogeography ................9
. Molecular dating, the reigning paradigm ....................................................................9
.. Phylogeny of Chilean plants ......................................................................................4
. Vicariance v/s dispersal in the Chilean Flora ..............................................................4
.4 Sloppy biogeography v/s harsh geology? ...................................................................49
. Species and speciation ................................................................................................
. Re-inventing an origin for the land plants ..................................................................7
7 Back to Postmodern Biogeography ...................................................................................7
7. Biogeography as a social science ................................................................................7
7. Biogeography toward a science of qualities ...............................................................78
8 Conclusions: toward a biogeographic synthesis of the Chilean Flora ...............................8
Footnotes ...............................................................................................................................8
References .............................................................................................................................88
Appendices ............................................................................................................................
Appendix A: List of Chilean genera, geographic distribution, floristic elements .............
Appendix B: Genera shared by several Chilean regions ..................................................47
Appendix C: Matrix for PAE: Distribution of Endemic Genera .......................................
Appendix D: Native Genera in the Chilean Pacific Islands .............................................
Agradecimientos / Danksagung / Acknowledgements .........................................................
Lebenslauf .............................................................................................................................7
7Zusammenfassung
Die historische Biogeographie hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten sowohl theoretisch als auch
methodisch stark weiterentwickelt. Konzepte wie Dispersion, Vikarianz oder Panbiogeographie
zeigen konstante Synergien im Zuge der Erneuerung von Theorie und Praxis. Die historische
Biogeographie muss sich dabei, wie alle Naturwissenschaften, der großen Herausforderung
stellen, sich der Moderne und der Postmoderne anzupassen. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die
wichtigsten phytogeographischen Gegebenheiten in Chile unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der
geographischen Verbreitung von Gattungen und ihrer globalen Beziehungen. Die Auswirkungen
dieser Verhältnisse auf die Entwicklung der chilenischen Flora werden dabei besonders unter
verschiedenen paläogeographischen Szenarien diskutiert. Außerdem wird die Situation im
Kontext der modernen und postmodernen Wissenschaftstheorie betrachtet. Das erlaubt eine
Kontext-orientierte Synthese der chilenischen Pflanzengeographie und stellt den Ausgangspunkt
für weitere Forschungen in dieser Übergangsdisziplin zwischen Geographie und Biologie.
Schlagwörter: Pflanzengeographie, Panbiogeographie, Postmoderne, Floristische Elemente,
Chile.
Summary
Historical biogeography has seen a rapid theoretical and methodological developed in the last
decades. Concepts such as dispersal, vicariance, or panbiogeography show a constant synergy
in the renewal of the theory and the praxis. The present thesis examines the most important
phytogeographical issues in Chile with special consideration of the distribution and geographical
relationships of the genera. The consequences of these relations on the evolution of the Chilean
Flora are discussed thereby, particularly under different possible palaeogeographical scenarios. In
addition the conditions in the context of the modern and postmodern science theory are considered.
This permits a context-oriented synthesis of the Chilean plant geography, that set the starting
point for further research in this crucial field between geography and biology.
Keywords: Plant Geography, panbiogeography, postmodern science, floristic elements, Chile.

8 Introduction
9From the exhibition: Impressionen der Flora von Chile, A.M.M., Botanical Garden
Erlangen, March-December 00
0