Population dynamics and functional traits of annual plants [Elektronische Ressource] : a comparative study on how rare and common arable weeds persist in agroecosystems / par-von Arne Saatkamp

A. Saatkamp

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_regensburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III Universität Regensburg
Faculté Sciences et Techniques St Jérôme Fakultät für Biologie und Vorklinische Medizin
Institut Méditerranéen d’Ecologie et de Paléoécologi e Institut für Botanik

N° attribué par la bibliothèque _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

THÈSE - DISSERTATION
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften
der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät III - Biologie und Vorklinische Medizin der Universität Regensburg
pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université d’Aix-Marseille III
Discipline : Biologie - Ecole doctorale : Sciences de l’Environnemen t


Population dynamics and functional traits of annual plants –
a comparative study on how rare and common arable weeds persist
in agroecosystems
par-von
Arne SAATKAMP
Borken/Westfalen & Marseille

5
présentée et soutenue publiquement le 14 septembre 2009
vorgelegt am 15. Juli 2009; mündliche Prüfung am 14. September 2009




JURY – PRÜFUNGSAUSSCHUSS :
Prof. Dr. Michael THOMM Universität Regensburg Président-Vorsitzender
Dr. Jon MARSHALL University of Bristol Rapporteur-Gutachter
Prof. Dr. Karl-Georg BERNHARDT Universität Wien -Gutachter
Prof. Dr. Christoph OBERPRIELER Universität Regensburg Examinateur-Prüfer
Prof. Dr. Erhard STROHM Universität Regensburg Examinateur-Prüfer
Prof. Dr. Thierry TATONI Université d’Aix-Marseille III Examinateur-Prüfer
Prof. Dr. Thierry DUTOIT* Université d’Avignon Examinateur-Prüfer
Dr. Laurence AFFRE* Université d’Aix-Marseille III Examinatrice-Prüferin
Prof. Dr. Peter POSCHLOD* Universität Regensburg Examinateur-Prüfer
* Codirecteurs-Anleiter der Arbeit























à Nico

für Gerd und Maja


I
GRAPHIC INDEX

1

General introduction I
Plant diversity in agro-ecosystems influenced by vineyard structure, 2 1
landscape class, land use intensity and past cereal cultivation
The seed bank longevity index revisited - limited reliability evident from a 2 burial experiment and database analyses
3
Functional ecology of seed persistence in the soil – insights from 3 germination experiments and seed traits with cereal weeds


Is there an effect of soil seed mortality and seed production on local 4 4 population dynamics in annual plants? – the case of rare cereal weeds


Comparison of traits between rare and common cereal weeds and 5 implications for conservation
5
C General discussion, conclusions and perspectives 5

C References R






R

3
I Index
INDEX
Graphic Index ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1
Index .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Index of tables, figures and boxes ............................................................................................................. 8
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 2
Acknowledgements ................................... 13
General introduction ................................................................................................. 15
Explanations for coexistence and plant diversity - a mirror of population persistence .......................... 15
Population dynamics in annuals - which traits for local population persistence? ................................... 18 3
Outline of the thesis .......................................................................................................... 21
Theories, concepts and state of knowledge 23
Storage effect and bet hedging ........................................................................................................................ 23
Functional traits ................................................. 24
The seed size-seed number trade-off: a central gradient in comparative plant ecology ......................... 25
Germination conditions and germination niche ........................................................................................... 28 4
Dormancy ................................................................ 29
Soil seed banks ................... 30
Mating system and Pollen:Ovule ratio ........................................................................................................... 32
Comparative biology and phylogenetically independent contrasts .......................................................... 33
Study system and site .................................... 36 5
Cereal weeds, history, evolution ..................................................................................... 36
Vegetation types and floristic gradients in arable fields .............................................. 37 55 Traditional Mediterranean cereal cultivation and farm types in the Luberon area . 38
Ecological services of cereal weeds ................................................................................. 41
Causes of maintenance or regression ............................................. 43
C Why annual cereal weeds as a study system? ............................................................................................... 45
Study site ............................................................................................ 45
Transition to chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................. 52
Real world example of diversity at different spatial scales ..................................... 52
Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 55
Plant diversity in agro-ecosystems influenced by vineyard structure, landscape class, land use
intensity and past cereal cultivation ........................................................................................................... 55 R
Introduction ....................................................... 55
Methods and study area ................................................................................................... 57
Results ................................................................. 62
Discussion .......................... 67
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 70
Transition chapter 1 to 2 ........................................................................................... 74
5 Index
From community diversity to the meaning of soil seed bank longevity ............................................... 74
Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................................... 77
The seed bank longevity index revisited - limited reliability evident from a burial experiment and
database analyses ........................................................................................................................................... 77
Introduction ....................... 77
Materials and Methods ..................................................................... 81
Results ................................................................................................. 86
Discussion .......................................................................................... 89
Conclusion ......................... 93
Transition chapter 2 to 3 ........................................................................................................................... 96
From soil seed persistence measures to functional ecology of soil seed banks ..................................... 96
Chapter 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 97
Functional ecology of seed persistence in the soil – insights from germination experiments and seed
traits with cereal weeds ................................ 97
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 97
Materials and Methods ... 101
Results ............................................................................................................................................................... 108
Discussion ........................ 121
Conclusion ....................... 126
Transition chapter 3 to 4 ......................................................................................................................... 128
From functional ecology of soil seed banks to population persi