Printed circuit board-based electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters [Elektronische Ressource] / by Emmanuel Bouendeu

Emmanuel Bouendeu

Informations

• Publié par: albert-ludwigs-universitat_freiburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 14
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Printed Circuit Board-Based Electromagnetic Vibration
Energy Harvesters



by
Emmanuel Bouendeu



Laboratory for Simulation
Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)
Faculty of Engineering
Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg im Breisgau



A thesis submitted for the Doctor degree in Engineering
June 2010

Address Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Microsystems Engineering
Laboratory for Simulation
Georges-Koehler Allee 103, DG, Zi. 03.29
79110 Freiburg
Germany


Author Emmanuel Bouendeu



thExamination date 20 July 2010





Supervisor Prof. Jan G. Korvink
Co-supervisors Dr. Andreas Greiner
Dr. Patrick J. Smith




Referees Prof. Jan G. Korvink
Prof. Oliver Paul


Dedication

This work is dedicated to the lighting stars of mine. Their
Highnesses my Beloved Parents: Tiemeni and Mbouende!

















Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Prof. Jan G. Korvink, my supervisor, for his entire support,
encouragement and friendship throughout my research within his Laboratory.

Special thanks to Dr. Andreas Greiner and Dr. Patrick J. Smith, my co-supervisors. The
guidance, patience, trust and freedom they gave me to explore in my own way, are really
appreciated.

I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Oliver Paul, Head of the Laboratory of
Microsystems Materials, to Prof. Jürgen Wöllenstein, Head of the Laboratory of Gas
Sensors, for accepting to co-examine my thesis, to Prof. Peter Woias, Head of the
Laboratory of Micro-Construction and Prof. Ulrike Wallrabe, Head of the Laboratory of
Micro-Actuators for the great opportunity they gave me to work in their laboratory.

Thanks also to the wonderful team of the IMTEK’s workshop for the fabrication of many
mechanical components indispensable for my research.

My Thanks also go to all members of the Laboratory for Microsystems Simulation,
Micro-Actuators and Micro-Construction to have shared with me during this research
work.

I will never forget the sincere support and encouragement of Prof. Michael Brunner,
Sister Franziska Hopmann, Sister Isa Vermehren and Dr. Eric de Saventhem during my
entire stay in Germany. To them I express my particular thanks.

As this research was consuming my energy, I was lucky to have around me Ursula and
Heinz Nikola to refuel the dissipated energy. To them, I express my entire gratitude.

This research work would have not been possible without the funding of the German
Research Foundation (DFG) and the Elisabeth-Frickenhaus Foundation. I express my
sincere thanks to them for their financial support.

The unique real constant in nature and life is change!
Tiemeni & Mbouende


















Table of Contents

Abstract................................................................................................................................i
Zusammenfassung.............................................................................................................iii
Résumé.v
CHAPTER 1.......................................................................................................................1
Introduction........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Outline of the thesis....................................................................................................1
1.2 Overview of micro-energy harvesting........................................................................3
1.2.1 Trigger for mi .................................................................. 3
1.2.2 Conventional power sources for portable devices and impacts ......................... 4
1.2.3 Energy sources and domains for micro-energy harvesting ................................ 6
1.2.3.1 Human Sources of energy...............................................................................6
1.2.3.2 Environmental sources of energy ...................................................................7
1.2.3.2.1 Radiant energy .........................................................................................................................7
1.2.3.2.2 Thermal energy........................................................................................................................8
1.2.3.2.3 Magnetic energy......................................................................................................................9
1.2.3.2.4 Chemical energy9
1.2.3.2.5 Kinetic energy ..........................................................................................................................9
1.2.4 Market and power requirement of energy harvesting devices ......................... 10
1.2.5 Micro-energy harvesting module.....................................................................10
1.3 Review of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters ..........................................12
1.3.1 Commercial electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters ............................... 12
1.3.2 Macro-implemented electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters .................. 13
1.3.3 Micro-implema................... 16
1.4 Motivation for the thesis and problem statement .....................................................18
1.4.1 or the thesis................................................................................... 18
1.4.2 Problem statement............................................................................................19
1.5 Deliverables and methodology.................................................................................20
CHAPTER 2.....................................................................................................................23
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters...............................23
2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................23
2.2 Operation principle and lumped parameter model ...................................................23
vi 2.3 Equation of motion...................................................................................................24
2.4 Characteristics of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters...............................28
2.4.1 Transfer function and transient behaviour........................................................ 28
2.4.2 Electrical current and voltages ......................................................................... 30
2.4.3 Electromagnetic damping factor and ratio ....................................................... 31
2.4.4 Absorbed mechanical power and electrical output power................................ 32
2.4.5 Efficiency.........................................................................................................36
2.4.6 Overall bandwidth............................................................................................37
2.5 General optimisation theorie of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters.........38
2.5.1 Optimum load resistance .................................................................................. 39
2.5.2 Optimum electromagnetic damping ratio and optimum overall bandwidth..... 39
2.5.3 Power maximisation.........................................................................................41
2.6 Sizing guide..............................................................................................................41
2.7 Summary...................................................................................................................42
CHAPTER 3.....................................................................................................................45
Basics of Printed Circuit Board Technology.................................................................45
3.1 Brief history45
3.2 Components of PCB.................................................................................................46
3.3 Classification of PCB ...............................................................................................47
3.4 Fabrication process of PCB.....................................................................................49
3.5 Layout and processing guidelines ............................................................................51
CHAPTER 4.....................................................................................................................53
Building Elements of PCB-Based Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters ...53
4.1 Housing of the PCB-based EM-VEHs .....................................................................53
4.2 Permanent Magnet of the PCB-based EM-VEHs ....................................................53
4.3 Mechanical resonator of the