Quantification of heat and fluid flow through time by 3D modeling [Elektronische Ressource] : an example from the Jeanne d'Arc basin, offshore eastern Canada / vorgelegt von Friedemann, Ulrich, Maximilian Baur

Friedel

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• Publié par: rheinisch-westfalischen_technischen_hochschule_-rwth-_aachen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 24 Mo

Extrait

Quantification of heat and fluid flow through time by 3D
modeling: an example from the Jeanne d'Arc basin, offshore
eastern Canada


Von der Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnik
der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen


zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines
Doktors der aturwissenschaften


genehmigte Dissertation


vorgelegt von Dipl.-Geol.

Friedemann, Ulrich, Maximilian Baur

aus Düsseldorf




Berichter: Univ.-Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Ralf Littke
Professor Dr. Rolando di Primio
Univ.-Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Dr.rer.nat.h.c. Dietrich H. Welte





Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 03.September 2010
Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar





































“Gott würfelt nicht!”

Albert Einstein 1926 in einem Brief an Max Born (sinngemäß)











































Die Arbeit ist Dr. Hans Wielens gewidmet, der kurz nach dem
offiziellen Einreichen des Manuskripts plötzlich verstorben ist.


. Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements
My special thanks go to Prof. Dr. Littke for his supervision of my thesis and especially for his
support in writing the proposal to obtain funding from the DFG. Without it, the project would
have never initiated.
Dr. Wielens from the Geological Survey in Canada (GSC) is thanked for his support from the
very first days, during writing the first and initial DFG proposal until the end of submitting
this thesis for his support, organizing data, travels, helping with contacts and his ideas for
workflows, presentations and publications. He was one of the initiating people and without
him the project would have been never realized. Dr. Hans Wielens is thanked for his general
motivation during the entire study.
In addition, I have to thank Dr. di Primio from GFZ Potsdam for the pleasant and fruitful
cooperation, the discussions and exchange of ideas. GFZ is also thanked for the access to lab
and office facilities during this study.
I also would like to thank Prof. Dr. Welte, who helped at the very beginning in 2006 to
initiate the project and who personally had the idea to use the Jeanne d’Arc basin as a suitable
study area.
I am grateful to Dr. Hawkins from CNLOPB for providing us with valuable data and to
® ®Schlumberger for the software PetroMod .
Additionally, Dr. Lampe from Ucon, Mike de Lind van Wijngaarden, Dr. Fuchs and Dr.
Schenk from Schlumberger are thanked for their helpful and very accurate corrections of
manuscripts.
Furthermore, I want to thank Dr. Jauer from the GSC for supporting me in the very beginning
of the project by converting time maps to depth maps.
I want to thank all the technicians from LEK RWTH Aachen University and GFZ Section 4.3
(organic geochemistry), who helped me with the lab work, and all other students, PhD
candidates and researchers, who supported me during the entire project.
Special thanks go to DFG for the financial support of this project (Grant Li618/21). Finally, I
would like to thank my friends and relatives, who supported me during the entire time of my
thesis and who also motivated me during deflating times.

III Summary .

Summary
This 4@D simulation study in the Jeanne d’Arc basi ncombines geological, geophysical
and geochemical data and processes to substantiate basic processes taking place in a basin and
the simulation technique itself. Furthermore different transport calculation methods were
tested and compared.
Demand for energy is growing rapidly, causing worldwide concerns on security of
supply. Petroleum systems modeling in 4 dimensions (cube + time) predicts generation,
migration, and quality/quantity of accumulated hydrocarbons in reservoirs, incorporating
temperature and pressure through the entire evolution of the basin. A petroleum systems
model thus provides the only means to combine all physical aspects (source, trap, seal, and
reservoir) and timing (charge) to reduce exploration risk and provide a reasonable resource
assessment to guarantee a secure and constant supply of hydrocarbons. Over the years, the
technology has advanced so far that the basin model results in combination with multi phase
chemical reaction kinetics appear to approach reality. Nobody has quantified and published
how close to reality these models actually get in the Jeanne d’Arc basin, especially in terms of
charge history reconstruction and fluid quality and quantity.
All necessary input data for a numerical model are available: especially for the
Kimmeridgian Egret Member, the only mature source rock, which generates hydrocarbons;
pvT (pressure, volume, temperature) data; and source and reservoir samples are accessible for
more than 50 wells. Furthermore, there is processed, converted and interpreted 3D seismic
available for the Jeanne d’Arc Basin. This makes the basin ideal for the present study. In
addition, petroleum systems modeling should itself be tested to constrain correct assumptions
and routines, as well as to improve the predictive capacity of the basin modeling approach.
The first part of the thesis focused on the reconstruction of the geodynamic situation of
the basin yielding new results for the reconstructed heat flow history using a 3D enhanced
McKenzie model. Results show that to understand the thermal evolution of the Jeanne d’Arc
sedimentary basin completely, it is crucial to consider the Triassic rift system. This first rift
generated the structural framework of the basin, where most of the sediments were deposited.
A second extension, in the Cretaceous, represents most likely an ultra@slow extension phase
with a heat@impulse, too weak to leave any thermalr ecord. This study demonstrates that the
entire evolution of the Jeanne d’Arc basin can be reconstructed assuming just one single
Triassic thermal rift. Additionally, the study shows the theoretical effects of lateral heat

IV . Summary

transfer on the determination of McKenzie stretching factors, its resulting implications for the
tectonic subsidence, and the reconstructed heat flow history.
The second and third parts concentrate on the determination of source rock properties
(chemical reaction kinetics – bulk, multi component and PhaseKinetics) and on the
reconstruction of the petroleum reservoir filling history for the entire basin. Petroleum
generation and phase behavior were analyzed using phase@predictive compositional kinetic
models (PhaseKinetics) determined by pyrolysis of Egret Member source rock samples.
Different charge scenarios were tested to reconstruct the most likely migration pathways for
the petroleum, which is trapped in the Terra Nova oil field. The most probable filling history
includes charge to the reservoir from a local kitchen and a second kitchen located between
Hibernia and Terra Nova that was responsible for the long@range contribution. This new
migration concept differs from the traditional explanation based on geochemical
measurements only (published by von der Dick et al., 1989), which infers that local
generation was solely responsible for filling the Terra Nova field. This theory of local
generation can be disproved based on a simple mass balance calculation. The mass of the
local source rock is not enough to generate the known present amount of hydrocarbons.
Finally, the study presents a basin@wide mass balacne calculation showing the impact
of a newly tested adsorption behavior of the source rock. Additionally, this chapter discusses
the influence of different migration techniques (flowpath, Darcy, hybrid and invasion
percolation) on a basin@wide mass balance calculaotin (MBC) in the Jeanne d’Arc basin. It
can be concluded that a pure Darcy migration is not sufficient to reproduce the accumulation
pattern in the basin and that hybrid or flowpath are the most efficient and precise migration
methods to predict correct volumes and composition. Additionally, it turned out that the
applied adsorption model does not adequately reproduce the natural behavior of source rocks
(SR). Therefore, a revised approach was applied, in which the adsorption capacity is in
general much higher, but diminishes, with increasing maturity.
In summary, the study provides new insights into the geodynamic development of the
J