Rainforestation farming on Leyte island, Philippines [Elektronische Ressource] : aspects of soil fertility and carbon sequestration potential / presented by Carsten Marohn

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_hohenheim
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 34
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 12 Mo

Extrait

Carsten Marohn
Rainforestation farming on Leyte island, Philippines –
aspects of soil fertility and carbon sequestration potential
Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics
Faculty Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 2007Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics
University of Hohenheim
Prof. Dr. J. Sauerborn
Rainforestation farming on Leyte island, Philippines –
aspects of soil fertility and carbon sequestration potential
Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
'Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften'
(Dr.sc.agr. / Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences)
to the Faculty Agricultural Sciences
presented by
Carsten Marohn
Stuttgart
2007This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree 'Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften' by the Faculty Agricultural Sciences at University
of Hohenheim on 24/10/2007.
Date of oral examination: 02/11/2007
Examination Committee:
Supervisor and Review Prof. Dr. J. Sauerborn
Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the
Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim
Co-Reviewer Prof. Dr. R. Jahn
Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences,
Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
Additional Examiner Prof. Dr. J.N. Wünsche
Institute for Special Crop Cultivation and Crop
Physiology, University of Hohenheim
Vice-Dean and Head of the Prof. Dr. W. Bessei
Committee Dean of the Faculty Agricultural Sciences,
University of Hohenheim•
Contents
01 Introduction and scope.....................................................................................................6
1.1 Study area.....................................................................................................................7
1.1.1 Geography............................................................................................................7
1.1.2 Geology, geomorphology and soils......................................................................8
1.1.3 Climate...............................................................................................................13
1.1.4 Natural vegetation..............................................................................................17
1.1.5 Population, culture and economy......................................................................19
1.1.6 Land use, tenure and reforestation....................................................................22
1.2 Agroforestry systems...................................................................................................26
1.2.1 Rainforestation...................................................................................................27
1.3 Carbon sequestration..................................................................................................29
1.3.1 Climate change and carbon pools.....................................................................29
1.3.2 Institutional and legal framework for funding of carbon sequestration through
afforestation and reforestation...........................................................................32
1.3.3 Potential of carbon sequestration through agroforestry....................................34
02 Sites, material and methods...........................................................................................36
2.1 Approach.....................................................................................................................36
2.2 Site selection for paired plots......................................................................................36
2.3 Land-use history and plot installation in Cienda.........................................................38
2.3.1 Species and planting material............................................................................38
2.3.2 Plot design..........................................................................................................43
2.4 Meteorological data.....................................................................................................44
2.4.1 Weather data......................................................................................................44
2.4.2 PAR measurements...........................................................................................44
2.5 Soil analyses...............................................................................................................45
2.5.1 Subplots and sampling scheme.........................................................................45
2.5.2 Soil profiles.........................................................................................................46
2.5.3 Soil sampling......................................................................................................46
2.5.4 pH.......................................................................................................................46
2.5.5 Bulk density and volumetric water contents.......................................................46
2.5.6 Gravimetric water contents and soil water potential..........................................46
2.5.7 Particle size distribution.....................................................................................47
2.5.8 Total nitrogen.....................................................................................................48
2.5.9 Phosphorus........................................................................................................48
2.5.10 CECeff, CECpot and base saturation..............................................................48
2.5.11 Exchangeable basic cations............................................................................49
2.5.12 Pedogenic oxides of Fe, Al and Mn.................................................................49
2.5.13 Soil organic carbon..........................................................................................49
2.5.14 Physical fractionation of soil organic matter....................................................52
2.5.15 Substrate-Induced Respiration........................................................................53
2.5.16 Basal respiration..............................................................................................54
2.5.17 Soil respiration..................................................................................................54
2.5.18 Phosphatase activity........................................................................................55
2.6 Biomass measurements..............................................................................................56
2.6.1 Mulched biomass...............................................................................................56
2.6.2 Undergrowth biomass and growth rates............................................................56
2.6.3 Root length and weight density..........................................................................56
2.6.4 Aboveground biomass growth of planted species.............................................56
• 3•
2.6.5 C, N and P contents of plant tissues..................................................................58
2.6.6 Litter production..................................................................................................59
2.6.7 Litter decomposition...........................................................................................59
2.7 Plant measurements required for modelling...............................................................60
2.7.1 Crop parametrisation..........................................................................................60
2.7.2 Tree parametrisation..........................................................................................60
2.8 Statistics......................................................................................................................62
03 Characterisation of soils.................................................................................................63
3.1 Profile descriptions......................................................................................................63
3.1.1 Haplic Cambisol, Cienda PN1............................................................................64
3.1.2 Haplic Cambisol, Cienda PN2............................................................................66
3.1.3 Stagnic Luvisol, Cienda PN3..............................................................................68
3.1.4 Dystric Nitisol, Cienda (Rainforestation demo plot)...........................................70
3.1.5 Chromic Cambisol, LSU.....................................................................................72
3.1.5.1 Ferri-stagnic Luvisol, Marcos..........................................................................74
3.1.6 Ferri-chromic Luvisol, Pangasugan...................................................................76
3.1.7 Hypereutric Cambisol, stagnic properties, Maitum............................................78
3.1.8 Stagnic Cambisol, Patag....................................................................................80
3.1.8.1 Calcari-Mollic Leptosol, Punta........................................................................82
3.2 Synopsis and Discussion Soil Profiles.............................................