Recent developments in immunoprophylaxis, diagnosis and epizootiology of bluetongue virus in Germany [Elektronische Ressource] / von Michael Eschbaumer

Michael Eschbaumer

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 24
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Aus dem Departement für Veterinärwissenschaften
der Tierärztlichen Fakultät
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Angefertigt im Institut für Virusdiagnostik
des Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituts,
Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Insel Riems
(PD Dr. Martin G. Beer)
Recent Developments in Immunoprophylaxis, Diagnosis and Epizootiology
of Bluetongue Virus in Germany
Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung
der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät
der Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München
von Michael Eschbaumer
aus Erding
München 2010Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Braun
Berichterstatter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Sutter
Korreferenten:
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolf
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Klee
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. habil Heinritzi
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hermanns
Tag der Promotion: 24. Juli 2010Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde gemäß § 6 Abs. 2 der Promotionsordnung für die Tierärztliche
Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in kumulativer Form verfasst.
Folgende wissenschaftliche Arbeiten sind in dieser Dissertationsschrift enthalten:
(in chronologischer Reihenfolge)
Eschbaumer, M , H. offmann, B., König, P., Teifke, J. P., Gethmann, J. M., C onraths, F. J., Probst,
C., Mettenleiter T.C. und Beer, M., „Efficacy of three inactivated vaccines a gainst bluetongue virus
serotype 8 in sheep“, erschiVacenecinen i 2009;n 27(31):4169-4175.
Hoffmann, BE., schbaumer, M und B. eer, M., „Real-time quantitative reverse transc ription-PCR
assays specifically detecting bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 6, a Journd 8nal of“, e rschienen im
Clinical Microbiology 2009;47(9):2992-2994.
1Eschbaumer, M, W. äckerlin, R., Hoffmann, B. und Beer, M., „Re: Detection of bluetongue virus
genome after vaccination with an inactivated vaccinVeac“, eciner 2010;schie28(nen i4):n 881-882.
Eschbaumer, M , H. offmann, B., Moss, A., Savini, G., Leone, A., König, P., Z emke, J., Conraths, F.
und Beer, M., „Emergence of bluetongue virus serotype 6 in Europe – Germa n field data and
experimental infection of cattle“, eVrestecrhiinarenye Mn iicrobin ology 2010;143(2-4):189-195.
2Wäckerlin, R., Eschbaumer, M, K. önig, P., Hoffmann, B. und Beer, M. „Evaluati on of humoral
response and protective efficacy of three inactivated vaccines against bl uetongue virus serotype 8
one year after vaccination of sheep and catVtalcec“i, ene 2010;rschi28(en27)en i:4348-n 55.
Eschbaumer, M , W. äckerlin, R., Rudolf, M., Keller, M., König, P., Zemke, J., H offmann, B. und
Beer, M., „Infectious blood or culture-grown virus: a comparison of blue tongue virus challenge
models“, von Veterinary Microbiology zum Druck angenommen, unt er
doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.004 seit Mai 2010 online verfügbar.
Eschbaumer, M , W. äckerlin, R., Rudolf, M., Keller, M., König, P., Savini, G ., Hoffmann, B. und
Beer, M., „European Bluetongue virus serotypes 6 and 8: Studies on virulence and cross-
thprotection“, als Poster vorgeste4ll Etur a opeufan C dongrem ess of Virology , Cernobbio, It alien,
vom 7. bis 11. April 2010. Manuskript in Vorbereitung.
Weitere Arbeit, die nicht in die Dissertationsschrift aufgenommen wurde:
Maan, S., Maan, N., Van Rijn, P., Van Gennip, R., Sanders, A., Wright , I., Batten, C., Hoffmann,
B., Eschbaumer, M , O. ura, C., Potgieter, A., Nomikou, K. und Me„rFtulensl ge, Pnom. ( e2010).
characterisation of bluetongue virus serotype 6 from the Netherlands 2008 a nd comparison to other
field and vaccine strains“, erPsLcoS OhiNEenen i 2010; n 5(4):e10323.
1 „corresponding author“
2 „contributed equally““I begin to be almost sorry I was born so soon, since I cannot have the happiness
of knowing what will be known 100 years hence.” (Benjamin Franklin)1 Introducti..........................................................................on 1 ................
2 Literature re...............................................................view 2 ...................
2.1 Taxonomy, virion properties and s ...........................................................tructure 2 ...
2.2 History, global distribution and ec................................................onomic impact 5 ...
2.3 Vectors and trans..................................................................................mission 11 .......
2.4 Host r........................................................................................................ange 13 .......
2.5 Virus replic......................................................................................ation 14 ................
2.6 Pathogenesis and clini............................................................cal disease 18 ................
2.7 Immune respons ...........................................................................................e 20 ..........
2.8 Diagnosis and c................................................................................ontrol 22 ..............
2.8.1 Diagnostic methods and cons......................................iderations 23 ...................
2.8.2 Vaccina.............................................................................................tion 26 ........
3 Objecti.....................................................................................ves 33 ........
4 Resul..................................................................................ts 34 ................
4.1 Short-term efficacy of inactivated BTV-8 vac..........................cines in sheep35 ........
4.2 Long-term efficacy of inactivated BTV-8 vaccines i..............n sheep a55nd c...a.ttle
4.3 Comparison of BTV challe...................................................................nge models 75 .
4.4 Genome detection after vaccination with an inacti.va..t.e.d B..T.V87.-.8 v..a..c.cine
4.5 Serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR assays for BT..........V-1, -6, a ..nd -.91...8........
4.6 Emergence of BTV-6 in G........................................................................ermany 101 ...
4.7 European BTV-6 and -8: virulence and cros.......................s protection 117.................
5 Discussi .......................................................................on 119 .....................
5.1 Bluetongue vaccination 119 ...................
5.1.1 Short- and long-term efficacy of inactivated vaccines119 ............
5.1.2 Vaccination and impact on diagnos.................................tic capability 121 ..........
5.1.3 Challenge experi................................................................ments 121 ...................
5.2 Bluetongue diagnosis and epi.......................................................zootiology 123 ..........
5.2.1 Highly sensitive detection and serotyping by rea..l.-.ti.m.e. R..T.-123.PC.R......
5.2.2 BTV-6 and -11 in E...................................................................urope 124 ............
5.3 Conclusions and out.........................................................................................look 125 .
6 Summary......................................................................... 127 .....................
7 Zusammenfassung ...................................................................... 128 ..........
8 Reference............................................................................s 129 ................
9 Abbreviations.................................................................... 158 ...................Introduction
1 Introduction
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species ofO rbithevi rusge nusin the fa mily
Reoviridae (Van Regenmortel, 2003; Me etr talens, . 2004b). Currently, the re are
th24 recognized serotypes (BTV-1 to -24) and an unc, “onfTogge irmenburd 25g
orbivirus” (TOV) (Hofmann et al,. 2008). BTV is almost exclusively spread by
Culicoides spp. biting midgeDsipt (era) and occurs worldwide. All 24 serotypes
can cause bluetongue disease (BT), a non-contagious he morrhagic disease of
domestic and wild ruminants and camelids with no known z oonotic potential
(Verwoerd and Erasmus, 2004).
BT primarily affects sheep, but clinical disease in catt le and deer does occur. It
can have considerable economic impact, both directly by deaths and decreased
productivity and indirectly by trade losses through animal move ment restrictions
(Verwoerd and Erasmus, 2004). BT is notifiable to the Wor ld Organisation for
Animal Health (OIE, 2006) and to veterinary authorities i n many countries,
including Germany (TierSeuchAnzV, 2009; BlauzungenV, 2009).
While bluetongue had long been considered exotic to Europe, repeated
incursions and extensive circulation of several serotypes i n the Mediterranean
and, recently, in Central Europe have arguably made it an European disease
(Wilson and Mellor, 2008). The introduction of BTV-8 to Central Europe in
2006 marked the begin of an unprecedented epizootic with severe disease in
livestock and financial losses in the hundreds of mi llions. The EU and
Switzerland launched a mass vaccination campainagnc tiavast edsoon as i
vaccines became available ,i nt he2008 largest such campaign s ince the end of
foot-and-mouth vaccination in the 1990s. These vaccines, however, had not yet
obtained EU marketing authorization. German authorities c onsidered the data
pr