96 solar houses coupled to a seasonal heat store, in Groningen, The Netherlands

European Commission Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media Directorate-General For Energy

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• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-THE-INFORMATION-SOCIETY-AND-MEDIA-DI5
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

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Commission of the European Communities
Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen
energy/energie
96 solar houses coupled to a seasonal heat store,
in Groningen, The Netherlands
96 zonnewoningen gekoppeld aan een
seizoenwarmteopslag te Groningen
Demonstration project / Demonstratieproject
Report / Rapport
EUR 12158 EN/NL :>
rts ^**n>
Commission of the European Communities
Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen
/
96 solar houses coupled to a seasonal heat store,
in Groningen, The Netherlands
96 zonnewoningen gekoppeld aan een
seizoenwarmteopslag te Groningen
Demonstration project / Demonstratieproject
A. Paul
Bredero Energy Systems
Runnenburg 13
3980 CB Bunnik
The Netherlands
Contract No/Contract nr.: SE 077/83
Final report
Eindrapport
Directorate-General for Energy
Directoraat-generaal Energie i
1989
EUR 12158 EN/NL
ie
; ) Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 Luxembourg
Uitgegeven door
COMMISSIE VAN DE EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAPPEN
Directoraat-generaal
Telecommunicatie, Informatie-industrieën en Innovatie
L-2920 LUXEMBURG
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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Bibliografische data bevinden zich aan het einde van deze publikatie
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1989
Luxemburg: Bureau voor officiële publikaties der Europese Gemeenschappen, 1989
ISBN 92-825-9796-2 Cat.: CD-NA-12158-2M-C
ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels. Luxembourg, 1989
EGKS-EEG-EGA, Brussel. Luxemburg, 1989
Printed in Belgium CONTENTS / INHOUD
96 solar houses coupled to a seasonal heat store in
Groningen, the Netherlands
VI
96 zonnewoningen gekoppeld aan een seizoenwarmte-opslag
te Groningen
42
Photographs of the project
Foto's van het project
83 SUMMARY
In this project the application of solar collectors for space heating and
domestic hot water preheating, in a group of houses connected to a central
seasonal heat store in the soil, has been investigated. The research
project comprised three phases: the design, the construction and the
demonstration of the solar energy installation as a whole, all within the
framework of the project's objectives.
In the seasonal heat storage system the surplus of energy, gained by the
collectors during the summer, is stored in the upper layer of the soil.
The soil itself acts as storage material. In winter the stored heat is
withdrawn from the soil and used to heat the houses.
Due to heat transport by conduction the seasonal heat store loses heat to
the surrounding soil. Therefore, to ensure a satisfactory output, a
seasonal heat store must be large.■ Moreover, it is also essential that a
considerable group of houses is connected to such a.central store.
Within the framework of demonstration projects in the field of energy the
Commission of the European Communities (DG XVII) has granted financial
support to this project. This support is to be used exclusively for the
solar energy installation.
The aim of the project is. to gain practical experience with the actual
realisation of coupling the solar houses to a large scale seasonal heat
storage system and to monitor the system operation.
Important characteristics of this particular project are the application
of Philips evacuated tube collectors (in total 2358 m2 for the 96 houses)
and the closed storage system with a heat exchanger in the soil.
A two year monitoring programme was carried out. The results for the
second year were: the total solar radiation on the collectors was 2600 MWh
(1103 kWh/m2 collector or 225 TEP 1), the total gain by the collectors
1102 MWh (476 KWh/m2 collector or 95 TEP) and the actual amount of solar
energy used (the saving) 584 MWh (248 kWh/m2 collector 0£ 50 TEP). For a
total heat demand of 1182 MWh (12300 kWh/house or 102 TEP) this meant a
solar contribution of 492.
The total electricity consumption of the system was 112000 kWh, which is
1150 kWh per house.
At the current energy prices (1988), the economic feasibility of the
system as a whole is practically nil.
A lot of practical experience has been gained in this project both with
the construction and with the operation of the system. This knowledge will
certainly lead to considerable simplifications and cost reductions in
future projects.
At the moment the Groningen system functions well.
x) 1 J - 24.10-" TEP
- V-96 SOLAR HOUSES COUPLED TO A SEASONAL HEAT STORE
GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS
Since the Autumn of 1984 there are 96 solar houses coupled
to a seasonal heat store In Groningen, the Netherlands.
In thel heat storage system the surplus of energy,
gained by the collectors during the summer, Is stored in the
upper layer of the soil.
The soli Itself acts as storage material. In winter the
stored heat is withdrawn from the soil and used to heat the
houses. The solar energy is also used for domestic hot water
pre-heatIng.
The aim of the project is to gain practical experience with
the actual realisation of coupling the solar houses to a
large scale seasonal heat storage system and to monitor the
system operat ion.
Important characteristics of this particular project are the
application of Philips evacuated tube collectors (in total
2358 m2 for the 96 houses) and the closed storage system
with a heat exchanger In the soil.
A two year monitoring programme was carried out. The savings
for the second year were 584 MWh (248 kWh/m2 collector or
50 TEP).
For a total heat demand of 1182 MWh (12300 kWh/house or
102 TEP) this meant solar contribution of 49%.
The total electricity consumption of the system was
112000 kWh, which Is 1150 kWh per house.
The whole system functions well.
-VI-TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY V
1. PROJECT DATA 1
2. AIM OF THE PROJECT AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1
2.1. Aim of the project
2.2. Description of the site 2
2.3.n of the system 3
2.3.1. The collector system 5
2.3.2.e heat storage system 7
2.3.3. The heating system inside the houses 9
2.3.4.e distribution network and central heaters 10
2.4. The monitoring programme 11
3. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND CONTRACTING4
3.1. Suppliers of material and services
3.2. Project management6
3.3. Problems, solutions, positive results 1
3.3.1. The collector system7
3.3.2.e heat storage system 1
3.3.3. The heating system inside the houses8
3.3.4.e distribution network and the central heaters 1
3.3.5. The monitoring system
3.4. . Changes and budget exceedings9
4. EXPLOITATION AND RESULTS 22
4.1. Start and operation of the plant 2
4.2. System performance
4.2.1. The calculated savings
4.2.2.e measureds
4.3. Success of the project8
4.4. Operating costs
4.5. Prospects for the plant 2
4.6. Economic feasibility9
4.6.1. The system as a whole
4.6.2".e collector system
5. PUBLICITY, PRODUCTION PROSPECTS 31
5.1. Publicity
5.2. Patents 3
5.3. Prospects
5.3.1. For the system as a whole
5.3.2. For the collector system3
5.4. Economic feasibility
5.5. Experience gained and conclusions 34
6. REFERENCES5
7. TECHNICAL DATA 36
8. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT 83
-VII-