APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO FISHERIES. Volume 1 Report

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• Langue: English
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Commission of the European Communities
environment and quality of life
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO FISHERIES
Volume 1
Report
EUR 12867 EN
Blow-up from microfiche original Commission of the European Communities
environment and quality of life
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO FISHERIES
Volume 1
Edited by
C.N. MURRAY
Commission of the European Communities
Joint Research Centre
Ispra Establishment
1-21020 Ispra (VA)
Prepared by
L.H. PETTERSON
with contributions from
O.M. JOHANNSESSEN, K. KLOSTER, T.I. OLAUSSEN, P. SAMUEL
The Nansen Remote Sensing Center
Edvard Griegsvej 3a
N-5037 Solheimsvik
Directorate-General Science, Research and Development
Joint Research Centre
1990 EUR 12867 EN Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 LUXEMBOURG
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf
of then is responsible for the use which might be made of the following
information
Catalogue number: CD-NA-12867-EN-C
© ECSC — EEC — EAEC, Brussels - Luxembourg, 1990 PROJECT BACKGROUND
This report is made under contract No. 3348-87-12 ED ISP N between the CEC's
Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy, and Nansen Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC),
Bergen, Norway.
Project responsible at JRC have been: Dr. Peter Schlittenhardt
Project leader at NRSC have been: Dr. Lasse Herbert Pettersson
The project is based on the experience on utilization of remote sensing technology at
the Nansen Remote Sensing Center, and described in the below Technical Specification. A
particular study of the available literature in the field of marine biology Iproductivity,
remote sensing and oceanography have been carried out under this project. The studied
articles, books and reports are obtained from personal contacts made under this project
and also based on general search in library data bases. Individual contributions from a
large number scientists and other people involved in this field, have provided extremely
valuable input to this report (see Annex C).
The present national and global status in both research and operational system are
summarized in the "Final Project Report", Volume no. 1, which also give
recommendations for further R&D in this field. no. 2 of the project reports is and
"Annotated Bibliography and Address list o f Contributors". Around 330 references
used or obtained during this study, and close to 100 institutions or individuals have been
contacted.
We indeed hope the report summarize the pressent research and operational status in
this field and will give the reader new and valuable information on the present and
potential applications of remote sensing to fisheries.
Ill TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
This report is based on the below Technical Specification as included in the JRC
contract 3348-87-12 ED ISP N and additional discussions with the staffat JRC.
1. The general scope of the study is to help the JRC to define an eventual programme
of R & D on the application of Remote Sensing from Space to fish resources
evaluation and management to be implemented by the Commission.
2. The following applications of Remote Sensing will be considered in the study (this
is a non-limitative list which may be completed on the initiative of the contractor):
a) application at research level
- study of the basic phenomena controlling the development of the sea food
chain (e.g. upwelling, primary productivity etc.)
- evaluation offish resources and their spatial-temporal evolution
- influence of pollution on fish resources
- of sea state on fish population
b) operational applications
- help to fish catching: localization offish population concentrations
- aquaculture: inventory of the active sites and research of optimum new
sites
- identification and movement control of fishing boats
- search and rescue of (fishing) boats in distress
3. For each field listed above, the study will identify:
- the status of research and/or operational (or semi-operational) applications
("who is doing what?") in both European and non-European countries
- the areas where successful contributions of remote sensing are the most feasible
and lor could have a significant economic impact
- the areas where R&D effort at European scale could be specially welcome and
useful
IV APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO FISHERIES.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The strategy and intention of this project study is to obtain an overview of the present
status on the scientific and operational application of satellite remote sensing data in
fisheries and aquaculture management and commercial exploration. The report gives
recommendations for the fields where major development are needed for value-added
operational use of remote sensing data in fisheries.
The project approach and strategy are outlined in Figure 1.1. An annotated
bibliography of 330 references is included in Volume 2 of this report and copies of all
references have been gathered andd with the final report to the Joint Research
Centre for the Commission of the European Countries. Furthermore personal contacts
have been made to obtain general information as well as their personal perspective on
the research that is needed in this field. Relevant references have been referred to in
this report. Assistance from the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, and FAO, Rome, have
provided input on institutions and countries not covered by our initial requests for
information. A total of 90 to 100 institution, scientists, agencies, and national boards
have been contacted for this project. Nearly 2/3 of these have replied on our request and
provided valuable input to the content and conclusions of this report.
IUino«> Bearing and ruberie»
Reference·
Annotated Bibliography
Review
Pergonal Contact·
Evaluation
Coaelnaioa
Recommendation·
Operational
Sciane·
Sy«tema J
Figure 1.1: The approach and strategy of the project for application of remote
sensing data to fisheries. APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO FISHERIES.
The objective in the biological part of this project are sufficiently covered by the key
words:
Remote Sensing
Fisheries
Aquaculture
Water color
Algae
Sea surface temperature
The utilization of remote sensing data of environmental parameter correlation and
localization of fish concentrations has been executed both on the research and
operational level. This type of mapping ofl parameters, such as sea
surface temperature and ocean color, are utilized in some nations in an operational
system for guidance of fisheries to more productive regions. Particularly is the
operational level of the Japanese utilization of NOAA/AVHRR data combined with i n
situ measured sea surface temperature for preparation of sea surface temperature
charts. These charts are distributed to the Japanese fishing fleet in near real-time, as
summarized in detail in Chapter 4. The major information in this report about these
system, are based on direct contact with the operating organizations.
Additional aspects of satellite technology have also be evaluated in this project, such
as search and rescue of fishing vessels in distress, and general surveillance and
monitoring of fishing vessels.
VI VOLUME No. 1
CONTENTS
Page
Project background III
Technical specification IV
Executive summary V
1. Introduction 1
2. The marine fishery ecology system 3
2.1. Definition of the different life stages of fish history 3
2.2. Marine primary productivity and fishery production 5
3. Satellite remote sensing techniques relevant to fisheries 7
3.1. Sea surface monitoring by remote sensing 8
3.2. Correlation of remotely sensed surface parameters
to fish resources 10
3.2.1. Coastal upwelling zones5
3.2.2. Tropical island fisheries8
3.3. Relevant satellites and their sensors 21
3.3.1. The NIMBUS-7 satellite
3.3.2.e TIROS and NOAA satellites2
3.3.3. The geostationary meteorological satellites 23
3.3.4.e heat capacity mapping mission
3.3.5. The LANDSAT satellites4
3.3.6.e SPOT satellite 25
3.3.7. The M0S-1e6
3.3.8.e space shuttle
3.3.9. The SEASAT satellite
3.3.10. The METEOR and KOSMOS satellites7
3.3.11. The Bhaskarae8
3.4. Aerial remote sensing9
3.5. The fisheries requirements to an operational system 30
3.6. Fishery management requirement 31
4. National experience in application of satellite R.S. in
fisheries 32
4.1. Japan
4.1.1. Background for the Japanese activities 3
4.1.2. Past work in Japanese satellite research
and applications5
4.1.3. Status on Japanese satellite research
program9
VII 4.1.4. Relevant institutions 40
4.1.5. Conclusion on Japanese activities 41
4.2. The United States2
4.2.1. US West coast3
4.2.2. US Eastt8
4.2.3. Hawaii and Pacific islands9
4.3. Australia 5
4.3.1. Australian Institute of Marine Science 5
4.4. Brazil4
4.5. Canada
4.5.1. Research level
4.5.2. Operati