Thermal waste recovery at electric power plants in the European Economic Community

European Commission Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media Directorate-General For Energy

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• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-THE-INFORMATION-SOCIETY-AND-MEDIA-DI5
• Nombre de lectures: 70
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

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Commission of the European Communities
Thermal waste recovery at electric power plants
¡n the European Economic Community
Volume II :: General synthesissynthesis II : Case studies
Demonstration project
Report
EUR 11 660 enCommission of the European Communities
energy
Thermal waste recovery at electric power plants
in the European Economic Community
Volume I : General synthesis H : Case studies
Demonstration projectproject
Potentiel-Energie
55, rue des Petites Ecuries
F-75010 Paris
Contract n° 86-B-7031-1 1-005-17
Final report
Directorate-General
Energy
1988 EUR 11 660 enPublished by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 Luxembourg
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on
behalf of the is responsible for the use which might be made of the
following information
This publication is also available in the following language:
FRFR ISBNISBN 92-825-9058-592-825-9058-5
CataloguingCataloguing datadata cancan bebe foundfound atat thethe endend ofof thisthis publicationpublication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1988
ISBN 92-825-9057-7 Catalogue number: CD-NA-1 1 660-EN-C
©© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, BrusselsBrussels ·· Luxembourg,Luxembourg, 11 988988
Printed in BelgiumSUMMARYSUMMARY
The functioning of any thermal electric power plant (classic or nuclear) results in waste into
the atmosphere of large quantities oí heat at low temperature levels:
- 1 5 to 3C740CC for plants in open circuit (river or sea);
-- 2525 toto 40"C40"C forfor plantsplants inin closedclosed circuitcircuit (equiped(equiped withwith aa coolingcooling tower).tower).
Greenhouse heating, waste heat aquaculture and building heating have been the main applications
envisaged which have lead to experimental implementations. In all cases, systems of heating by
waste heat are today technically developed. In addition, the quantities of waste heat rejected by
power plants are such that the si2e of the recovery operation (surface area of greenhouses or
basins) isis nevernever limitedlimited byby thethe wastewaste heatheat flow.flow.
At present, there are 38 operations in service in the EEC nations using thermal waste from
electric power plants, and 9 operations are in construction or projects that will soon
materialize. The majority of these are today purely commercial and mainly concern:
- horticulture and market gardening in greenhouses,
- freshwater aquaculture.
TheThe otherother applications areare ofof muchmuch moremore doubtfuldoubtful profitability (building heating,heating, agriculture),agriculture),
or remain for now still in the experimental stage (seawater aquaculture, waste heat irrigation,
algae culture).
The countries that count the most number of commercial operations as of this date are the
following:
-- FranceFrance (( horticulture andand marketmarket gardening),
- UnitedUnited Kingdom (horticulture, marketmarket gardening,gardening, aquaculture),
- West Germany ( building heating).
Concerning greenhouse heating, interest in this type of operation somewhat faded around
1985/1986, due to start-up difficulties or the bankrupcies of certain important projects.
Problems encountered moremore specificallyspecifically concernedconcerned thethe organizationorganization andand coordination ofof thethe
activities ofof severalseveral smallsmall family-typefamily-type enterprisesenterprises overover aa newnew areaarea ofof greatgreat surface.surface. InIn
addition, the recent drop in the price of fuel has reduced the profitability of resorting to thermal
waste for heating.
Concerning freshwater aquaculture, we are currently witnessing several operations' passing
from the experimental stage to the commercial stage, mainly for freshwater aquaculture.
Seawater aquaculture appears lessless advanced, butbut numerous initiatives, namely inin Italy,Italy, areare
appearing. Waste heat aquaculture activities, which are made possible only thanks to the large
quantities of free heat rejected by plants should see development in coming years.CONTENTSCONTENTS PAGEPAGE
Volume!
I- INTRODUCTION: THE USE OF THERMAL WASTE
AT ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION 11
2
2. THE USE OF THERMAL WASTE: GENERAL DESCRIPTION
II - ASSESSMENT-SYTHESIS OF OPERATIONS
4
1.1. GENERAL SYNTHESISSYNTHESIS
1.11.1 GeneralitiesGeneralities ££
1.2 Assessment of operations
1.3 Historic evolution 6
8
SYNTHESIS BY ACTIVITY
2.2. 11 ActivitiesActivities atat thethe commercialcommercial stagestage 99
2.22.2 TransitionalTransitional activities:activities: betweenbetween experimental
and commercial ]?
13
2.3 More marginal research activities
14
3. SYNTHESIS BY COUNTRY
163.1 Belgium
17173.23.2 DenmarkDenmark
1818
3.3 Spain
19
3.4 France
20
Greece3.5
2136 Ireland
22
3.7 Italy
23
3.83.8 LuxembourgLuxembourg
2323
3.93.9 HollandHolland
24
3.10 Portugal
25
3.11 West Germany
26
3.12 United KingdomCONTENTSCONTENTS PAGEPAGE
4. INVENTORY OF OPERATIONS
27
4.1 Summary table
27
4.2 Detailed inventory 28
BELGIUM 29
DENMARK
3232
SPAINSPAIN 3333
FRANCE
GREECE 40
IRELAND
41
ITALY
42
LUXEMBOURG
45
HOLLANDHOLLAND
PORTUGALPORTUGAL 4848
WEST GERMANY 49
UNITED KINGDOM 53
4.3 Other operations excluded in the inventory
56
IIIIII -- TECHNICAL ANDAND ECONOMICECONOMIC ANALYSISANALYSIS
OFOF THETHE COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL OPERATIONS
5858
1. HORTICULTURE
58
1 . 1 Horticultural activity in the EEC 58
1.2 Energy and heating ¿0
1.3 Use of thermal waste in horticulture 65
2. MARKET GARDENING
69
2. 1 Market-gardening activity in the EEC
69
2.2 Main types of crops concerned by thermal waste ^
2.3 Profitability of the use of thermal waste 7Ί
3.3. SYNTHESIS:SYNTHESIS: MARKETMARKET GARDENINGGARDENING ANDAND HORTICULTUREHORTICULTURE
7272
3.3. 11 Profitability indicatorsindicators
72
3.2 Analysis for a price of energy at 0.0 1 ECU/kWH ( in 1 987)
and an energy need 1 00 £ covered by thermal waste
73
3.3 Analysis for a price of energy at 0.02 ECU/kWH ( in 1 985)
and an energy need 1 00& covered by thermal waste 75
3.43.4 AnalysisAnalysis forfor aa priceprice ofof energ/ atat 0.010.01 ECU/kWH (in(in 1987)1987)
andand anan energyenergy needneed 708708 covered byby thermal wastewaste
7676
3.5 Conclusion: technical and economic options to promote 77
AQUACULTURE
78
4. 1 Freshwater aquaculture activity in the EEC 78
4.2 Profitability oí waste heat aquaculture 80
4.34.3 SeawaterSeawater aquaculture 8484
4.4 Conclusion: technical andand economic options to promote 86
IV - CONCLUSIONS 87CONTENTSCONTENTS PAGEPAGE
Volume!/
1- Horticulture In Le Bugey (France) Ç1
1.1 Introduction V.
9191
1.21.2 BackgroundBackground
9393
1.31.3 TechnicalTechnical description
1 .4 Analysis of the technical evolution 93
1.5 Economic aspects ^
97
1.6 Current situation
2-2- Market andand horticultural areaarea inin Dampierre enen BurlyBurly (France) 9898
2.12.1 IntroductionIntroduction 9898
2.2 Background *
2.3 Technical description ^
IOO
2.4 Economic aspects
103
2.5 Future outlook
3-3- Market andand horticultural areaarea inin SaintSaint LaurentLaurent desdes EauxEaux (France)(France) 104104
3.1 Introduction 104
3.2 Background J¡£
105
3.3 Technical description
106
3.4 Economic aspects
107
3.5 Future outlook
Freshwater aquaculture inin TihangeTihange (Belgium) 108108
4.1 Introduction 108
4.2 Background 10S
4.3 Technical description 109
4.4 Analysis of the technical evolution ]]°,
111
-4.5-4.5 EconomicEconomic aspectsaspects
113113
4.64.6 FutureFuture outlook
5 - Hortitherm (West Germany) 114
5.1 Introduction 114
114
5.2 Background
115
5.3 Technical description
116116
5.45.4 AnalysisAnalysis ofof thethe technicaltechnical evolutionevolution
117117
5.5 Economic aspects ^8
5.6 Current situationCONTENTSCONTENTS PAGEPAGE
6 - Urban heating in Arzberg (West Germany) 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Background 120
6.3 Technical description and energy assessment 121
6.46.4 AnalysisAnalysis ofof thethe technicaltechnical evolution 124124
6.5 Economic aspects 125
6.6 Future outlook 127
7 - Market gardening in Drax (United Kingdom) 128
7.1 Introduction 128
7.27.2 Background 128128
7.37.3 TechnicalTechnical description 129129
7.4 Analysis of the technical evolution 130
7.5 Economic aspects I31
7.6 Future outlook 132
88 -- AquacultureAquaculture inin Hunterston (United(United Kingdom) 133133
8.18.1 Introduction 133133
8.2 Background 133
8.3 Technical description 134
8.4 Economic aspects 135
8.5 Future outlook I36
99 -- TheThe CARPACARPA projectproject (Italy)(Italy) 137137
9.1 Introduction 137
9.2 Greenhouse crop in Tavazzano 138
9.3 Waste heat irrigation in Trino Vercellese 14°
9.4 Freshwater aquaculture in La Casella 141
9.5 Seawater in South Torre