The relationship between research and development intensity and corporate social responsibility

Cooper Padgett, Carlton Robert

Description

Colecciones : TD. Ciencias sociales
Fecha de publicación : 2011

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique

Informations

• Publié par: Salamanca
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Licence : En savoir +
  Paternité, pas d'utilisation commerciale, partage des conditions initiales à l'identique
• Langue: Español
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA
DEPARTAMENTO DE ADMINISTRACIÓN Y ECONOMIA DE LA EMPRESA

TESIS DOCTORAL

TÍTULO:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT INTENSITY
AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

PRESENTADA POR:
ROBERT CARLTON PADGETT COOPER
DIRECTOR:
JOSE IGNACIO GALAN ZAZO


Salamanca, 2011

Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Edificio FES,
37007 - Salamanca
Tel . [phone] Ext. 3329/3402





AUTORIZACIÓN DEL DIRECTOR DE LA TESIS PARA SU PRESENTACIÓN

El Dr. José Ignacio Galán Zazo, como Director de la Tesis Doctoral ―THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT INTENSITY AND
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY‖, realizada por D. Robert Carlton Padgett
Cooper en el Departamento de Administración y Economía de la Empresa de la Universidad de
Salamanca, autoriza su presentación a trámite, dado que reúne las condiciones necesarias para
su defensa.

Y para que así conste, a los efectos oportunos, se firma la presente en Salamanca a 20 de
enero del 2012.



Fdo.: José Ignacio Galán Zazo.
i

Acknowledgements
This thesis is dedicated specially to God, since without him nothing is possible. He
placed the right people in my path, where I found support throughout the doctoral program. In
the next lines, I would like to make a special mention to some of these persons.
I would like to thank the director of this thesis PhD José Ignacio Galán Zazo for his
teachings and support. I also thank to the professors and colleagues at the Business
Administration department who have encouraged and helped me all of these years.
Furthermore, I would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science-
FEDER (Project ECO2010-21473), the Ibero-American Chair in Management and Corporate
Social Responsibility/Santander Bank for their financial support for this research.
Finally, I am especially grateful to my family, my father, mother, sister, and
grandparents, for supporting and encouraging me to continue graduate school abroad. Foremost
I would also like to thank my wife Rosa, her love and support made this project a success.
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction________________________________________________ 001
1. Aims of the Thesis ...............................………..…………….................…………………………….. 001
2. Thesis Organization ...............................………..……………………….................................. 004
3. Corporate Social Responsibility database ..………..………………................…..................... 008

Chapter 2 The Effect of R&D Intensity on Corporate Social Responsibility___________ 011
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 011
2. Theory and Hypothesis…………......……………………………………….........................……………… 013
2.1. The Resource Based View and Competitive Advantage……………………………………….. 013
2.2. Importance of CSR and R&D for Firms to Obtain Competitive Advantages………….. 015
3. Methods……………………………………………......................................................................... 021
3.1. Data and Sample…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 021
3.2. Measures and Estimation Method………………………………………………………………………… 022
4. Results ...................................................................................................................... 024
5. Discussion and Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………… 028
Chapter 3 Innovation with High Social Benefits & Corporate Financial Performance____ 031
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 028
2. Theory and Hypotheses………………………………………………......................………...…………………. 033
2.1. Resource Based View Theory and Institutional Theory……………................................. 033
2.2 Innovation with high Social Benefit………………………………….…….................................... 035
2.3 Innovation Leaders……………………………………………………………………………..…….................. 037
3. Methods …………………………..……………………................................……………………………………….. 039
3.1. Sample and data...................................................................................................... 039
3.2. Measures…………………………....................................................................................... 040
4. Results .......................................................................................................................... 043
5. Discussion and Conclusion ………………….....….................................................................... 046

iii

Chapter 4 The Impact of R&D Intensity on Corporate Reputation: Interaction
050 Effect of Innovation with High Social Benefit ________________________________
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………........... 050
2. Theory and Hypotheses…………………………………………………….......................………...………… 052
2.1. Resource Based View and Institutional Theory…..…….………………………..………............ 052
2.2. Corporate Reputation and Research and Development (R&D)…..................………… 054
2.3 Innovation with High Social Benefit………………………………………………………………………… 058
3. Methods .................................................................................................................. 060
3.1. Sample and Data ................................................................................................. 060
3.2. Measures…………………………................................................................................... 062
4. Results ...................................................................................................................... 065
5. Discussion and Conclusion ………………….....…................................................................ 068
Chapter 5 Conclusions _________________________________________________ 071
References _________________________________________________________ 076
Appendix KLD Indicator Variables________________________________________ 091
Summary in Spanish __________________________________________________ 102









iv

LIST OF GRAPH, FIGURE AND TABLES BY CHAPTER

CHAPTER 1

Table 1: Major issues addressed per chapter……………………………….………………………………………….. 007


CHAPTER 2
Table 1: Main Descriptive statistics: Comparison Between Models…….…………………….…………..... 025

Table 2: Correlation Matrix of Total Sample…………………………………………………………...……………….. 025
Table 3: Comparison Between Models with CSR Measure………………………………..……………………. 026
Table 4: Comparison Between Models with CSR+ Measure……………………………………………………. 027


CHAPTER 3
Table 1: Descriptive statistics and Correlation Matrix……………………………...……........... 044
Table 2: Results of Regression Analyses…. …………………...……........…………………………... 045


CHAPTER 4
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix……….………….............. 066
Table 2: Results of Regression Analysis (Corporate Reputation– dependent variable) 067
v

Chapter 1: Introduction
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This first chapter is purely introductory, with the purpose of stating the main objective
of this doctoral thesis entitled: “The Relationship between Research & Development Intensity
and Corporate Social Responsibility‖. The title clearly states that this thesis wants to broaden
the understanding of the relationship between these two factors and how they can impact on
organizational performance.
On the following paragraphs, it will be detailed how the main objective of the thesis was
achieved, summarizing several empirical researches carried out in order to provide insight of
the relationship between research & development and corporate social responsibility. In
this introduction the structure of the thesis and the database used for obtaining the variables of
corporate social responsibility and organizational performance will be described.

1. – AIMS OF THE THESIS
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been the focus of significant attention by a
proliferation of conceptual and empirical work (see Carroll and Shabana, 2010; Lee, 2008;
Margolis and Wash, 2003; Orlitzky et al., 2003; Windson, 2000; Wood 1991; 2010). Over the
past two decades, the literature has paid particular attention to the relationships between CSR
and financial performance, albeit with mixed results and no clear understanding due the
difficulty in measuring CSR accurately and also the significance of its on organizational
effectiveness (McWilliams et al., 2006). Existing studies of the interaction between CSR and
1

Chapter 1: Introduction
financial performance suffer from several important theoretical and empirical limitations. One
major concern is that these studies sometimes use models that are misspecified because these
studies have omitted variables that have been shown to be important determinants of
profitability. One such variable is