Sources and time course of mechanisms biasing visual selection [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Agnieszka Wykowska

Wykowska Agnieszka

Sujets

• Psychologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Sources and time course of mechanisms
biasing visual selection

Agnieszka Wykowska












München, 2008
Sources and time course of mechanisms
biasing visual selection





Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Der Philosophie
an der Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität
München




Vorgelegt von


Agnieszka Wykowska

aus Kraków, Polen


München, März, 2008













































Referent: PD Dr. Anna Schubö
Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Hermann Müller
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 21.07.2008
Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... I
SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................................ 3
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 5
OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENT STUDIES ...................................................................................... 7
On the action-related weighting of perceptual dimensions ................................................ 7
On the time course of visual selection ............................................................................. 10
Various aspects of top-down control of visual selection .................................................. 12
Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 17
How and why do we select information? A thought experiment. .................................... 19
VISUAL ATTENTION ............................................................................................................... 20
Mechanisms of selection .................................................................................................. 21
WEIGHTING MECHANISM: HOW VISUAL SELECTION MIGHT BE MODULATED .......................... 22
Weighting with respect to task-relevance ........................................................................ 23
Intentional weighting with respect to action-relevance .................................................... 24
Bottom-up weighting observed as inter-trial repetition effects ........................................ 26
INTERPLAY BETWEEN MECHANISMS OF SELECTION ............................................................... 28
Bottom-up driven selection of salient stimuli .................................................................. 28 -up driven selection vs. top-down guidance of attention through weighting ....... 30
Time course of mechanisms of selection ......................................................................... 31
CHAPTER 2: ON THE ACTION-RELATED WEIGHTING OF PERCEPTUAL
DIMENSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 33
Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 35
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 37
Rationale of the experiments ............................................................................................ 42
GENERAL METHODS .............................................................................................................. 46
EXPERIMENT 2.1 .................................................................................................................... 50
Method ............................................................................................................................. 51
Results .............................................................................................................................. 53
Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 55
EXPERIMENT 2.2 .................................................................................................................... 56 ..... 58 ....... 59 .... 60
EXPERIMENT 2.3 .................................................................................................................... 61 ..... 62 ....... 64
Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 69
GENERAL DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................... 70
CHAPTER 3: ON THE TIME COURSE OF VISUAL SELECTION ............................. 79
Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 81
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 83
EXPERIMENT 3.1. ................................................................................................................... 88
Rationale of the experiment ............................................................................................. 88
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METHOD ................................................................................................................................ 90
RESULTS.. 96
ERP results ....................................................................................................................... 96
Behavioral data ............................................................................................................... 100
DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 104
Top-down guided control of selection of the task-relevant stimulus ............................. 106
Bottom-up attentional capture effects ............................................................................ 108
Temporal dynamics of the top-down and bottom-up control of selection ..................... 110
Concluding remarks ....................................................................................................... 111
CHAPTER 4: VARIOUS ASPECTS OF TOP-DOWN CONTROL OF VISUAL
SELECTIO N. ........................................................................................................................ 113
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 115
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................. 117
EXPERIMENT 4.1. ................................................................................................................. 120
Rationale of the experiment ........................................................................................... 120
METHOD .............................................................................................................................. 122
RESULTS 128
ERP results ..................................................................................................................... 128
Behavioral data ............................................................................................................... 133
DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 135
Top-down modulation of early selection in a visual search task ................................... 138
Allocation of attention and its time course ..................................................................... 139
Effects dependent on singleton type ............................................................................... 140
Concluding remarks ....................................................................................................... 141
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 143
DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .............................................................................. 155
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... 165
CURRICULUM VITAE ...................................................................................................... 167
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Synopsis Synopsis

Theoretical background
There are two main mechanisms active during selection of visual input, namely a
bottom-up, stimulus driven mechanism and a top-down, goal oriented control. The first is
based on stimulus-induced saliency signals, i.e., coding of local contrasts (see, e.g., Wolfe,
1994) whereas the second is concerned wi