System test and noise performance studies at the ATLAS pixel detector [Elektronische Ressource] / von Jens Weingarten. Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut
186 pages
English

System test and noise performance studies at the ATLAS pixel detector [Elektronische Ressource] / von Jens Weingarten. Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut

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186 pages
English
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..UNIVERSITAT BONNPhysikalisches InstitutSystem Test and Noise Performance StudiesatThe ATLAS Pixel DetectorvonJens WeingartenAbstract: The central component of the ATLAS Inner Tracker is the pixeldetector. It consists of three barrel layers and three disk-layers in the end-caps in both forward directions. The innermost barrel layer is mounted at adistance of about 5 cm from the interaction region. With its very high granu-larity, truly two-dimensional hit information, and fast readout it is well suitedto cope with the high densities of charged tracks, expected this close to theinteraction region. The huge number of readout channels necessitates a verycomplex services infrastructure for powering, readout and safety. After a de-scription of the pixel detector and its services infrastructure, key results fromthe system test at CERN are presented.Furthermorethenoiseperformanceofthepixeldetector,crucialforhightrack-ing and vertexing efficiencies, is studied. Measurements of the single-channelrandom noise are presented together with studies of common mode noise andmeasurements of the noise occupancy using a random trigger generator.Post address:BONN-IR-2007-10Nussallee 12Bonn University53115 BonnSeptember 2007Germanyii..

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Publié le 01 janvier 2007
Nombre de lectures 6
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 7 Mo

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..
UNIVERSITAT BONN
Physikalisches Institut
System Test and Noise Performance Studies
at
The ATLAS Pixel Detector
von
Jens Weingarten
Abstract: The central component of the ATLAS Inner Tracker is the pixel
detector. It consists of three barrel layers and three disk-layers in the end-
caps in both forward directions. The innermost barrel layer is mounted at a
distance of about 5 cm from the interaction region. With its very high granu-
larity, truly two-dimensional hit information, and fast readout it is well suited
to cope with the high densities of charged tracks, expected this close to the
interaction region. The huge number of readout channels necessitates a very
complex services infrastructure for powering, readout and safety. After a de-
scription of the pixel detector and its services infrastructure, key results from
the system test at CERN are presented.
Furthermorethenoiseperformanceofthepixeldetector,crucialforhightrack-
ing and vertexing efficiencies, is studied. Measurements of the single-channel
random noise are presented together with studies of common mode noise and
measurements of the noise occupancy using a random trigger generator.
Post address:
BONN-IR-2007-10
Nussallee 12
Bonn University
53115 Bonn
September 2007
Germanyii..
UNIVERSITAT BONN
Physikalisches Institut
System Test and Noise Performance Studies
at
The ATLAS Pixel Detector
von
Jens Weingarten
Dieser Forschungsbericht wurde als Dissertation von der Mathematisch -
Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Universit¨at Bonn angenommen.
Angenommen am: 28.08.2007
Referent: Prof. Dr. N. Wermes
Korreferent: Priv.-Doz. Dr. W. HillertiiSystem Test and Noise Performance Studies
at
The ATLAS Pixel Detector
Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.)
der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at
der
Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at
zu Bonn
vorgelegt von
Jens Weingarten
aus
Neuwied
Bonn 2007iiAngefertigtmitGenehmigungderMathematisch-NaturwissenschaftlichenFakult¨at
der Universit¨at Bonn
Ich versichere, dass ich diese Arbeit selbst¨andig verfasst und keine anderen
als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt sowie Zitate kenntlich
gemacht habe.
Referent: Prof. Dr. N. Wermes
Korreferent: Priv.-Doz. Dr. W. Hillert
Tag der Promotion: 19.09.2007iiContents
1 Introduction 1
2 LHC and the ATLAS detector 3
2.1 Physics at the LHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 The standard model of high-energy physics . . . . . . . 3
2.1.2 Supersymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 The Large Hadron Collider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 The ATLAS detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.1 Detector subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.2 The data acquisition and high-level trigger system . . . 21
3 The pixel detector 27
3.1 Physics performance requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 The pixel module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2.1 The sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.2 The front-end chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.2.3 The Module Control Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3 The readout and control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.1 Optoboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.2 Optical fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3.3 The Back-of-Crate card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3.4 The Read-Out Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.3.5 The TTC Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.3.6 The Read-Out Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.4 General layout of Detector Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.5 The power supply system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.5.1 Module Low Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.5.2 Module high v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.5.3 Supply voltages for the optoboard . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.6 The grounding and shielding scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.6.1 General issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
iiiiv CONTENTS
3.6.2 Grounding and shielding in the pixel detector . . . . . 73
3.7 The interlock system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.7.1 Components of the interlock system . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.7.2 Interlock conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.8 The Detector Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.9 Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.10 The cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.10.1 The external part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.10.2 The internal part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.10.3 Functionality and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4 The system test 93
4.1 The system test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.1.1 Test of the service chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.1.2 Power supply and interlock system . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.2 Qualification measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.2.1 The cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.2.2 Power supply and interlock system . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.3 Procedures from the system test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.3.1 The power-up sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.3.2 Optolink tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.3.3 Calibration scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4.4 Module performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.4.1 Threshold and noise on endcap A . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.5 Cosmics data-taking with endcap A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.5.1 Data acquisition system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5 Noise performance studies 119
5.1 Single channel noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
5.1.1 Noise in analog electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
5.1.2 Digital crosstalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.1.3 Noise in a threshold scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.2 The minimum operating threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.3 Common mode noise measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.3.1 Occupancy per event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
5.3.2 Average TOT per event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
5.3.3 Verification measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
5.3.4 Results for endcap A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
5.4 Noise Occupancy studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5.4.1 Noise occupancy with standard module configuration . 140
5.4.2 Noise Occupancy vs trigger frequency . . . . . . . . . . 143

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