Systematics and biogeography of Southeast Asian Senecioneae (Asteraceae) [Elektronische Ressource] : revision of cissampelopsis and gynura and hybridisation in the introduced crassocephalum / Ongkarn Vanijajiva

Nec Computers International

Informations

• Publié par: johannes_gutenberg-universitat_mainz
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 40
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST
ASIAN SENECIONEAE (ASTERACEAE): REVISION OF
CISSAMPELOPSIS AND GYNURA AND HYBRIDISATION
IN THE INTRODUCED CRASSOCEPHALUM






Dissertation
Zur Erlangung des Grades
Doktor der Naturwissenschaften




Am Fachbereich Biologie
Der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz




Ongkarn Vanijajiva
geb. am 24 März 1977 in Krabi, Thailand




Mainz, 2008
























Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23 September 2008

























Gynura siamensis Vanijajiva & Kadereit CONTENTS
SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................1
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.........................................................................................................2
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION..................................................................................3
1.1 The Flora of Southeast Asia………………………………………………………...…...3
1.2 Tribe Senecioneae Cass……………………………………………………………….....4
1.3 Genus Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq...................................................................................6
1.4 Genus Gynura Cass...........................................................................................................6
1.5 Genus Crassocephalum Moench.......................................................................................7
1.6 Statement of research…………………………………………………………..………...7
2. A REVISION OF CISSAMPELOPSIS (ASTERACEAE: SENECONEAE).................9
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................9
2.1.1 Taxonomic history………………………………………..…………….........………9
2.1.2 The relationships of Cissampelopsis……………………………………….………10
2.2 Material and Methods…………......................................................................................10
2.3 Results and Discussion....................................................................................................12
3. A REVISION OF GYNURA (ASTERACEAE: SENECONEAE) ...............................32
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 32
3.1.1 Taxonomic history…………………………………………………………………32
34 3.1.2 The relationships of Gynura……………………..…
3.3 Material and methods……………………………………..............................................34
3.4 Results and Discussion……………................................................................................34
4. MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORLECULAR EVIDENCE FOR INTERSPECIFIC
HYBRIDISATION IN THE INTRODUCED AFRICAN GENUS
CRASSOCEPHALUM (ASTERACEAE: SENECONEAE) IN ASIA.........................107
4.1 Introduction………………...........................................................................................107
4.2 Material and methods………………………………....................................................108
4.2.1 Plant material………………………………………………………………….….108
4.2.2 Pollen and seed fertility……………………………….…….109
4.2.3 Chromosome counts…………………………..………………………………..…110
4.2.4 DNA isolation, PCR amplification and sequencing……………………………...110
4.4.5 Sequence alignment…………………………………………………...…….……111
4.3 Results…………….......................................................................................................112
4.3.1 Geographical distribution and ecology, morphology, taxonomy……………....…112
4.3.2 Taxonomy of Crassocephalum in Asia………………………………………...…112
4.3.3 Pollen and seed fertility………………………………….…………………….....119
4.4.4 Chromosome numbers……………………………………….…………………...119
4.4.4 Nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences…………………...……….….120
4.4.6 Chloroplast DNA trnL-3 ′-trnF sequences……………………………..………….121
4.4 Discussion……………..………………………………………………………....…...122
4.4.1 Taxonomy and chromosome numbers of Crassocephalum in Asia……………122
4.4.2 Introduction history of Crassocephalum in Asia……………………….……122
4.4.3 The intermediate specimens………………………………………………….…...123
5. REFERENCES……………………………………………………...…………………124
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………..………...….………..………….….130
7. CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………..…………..…131 1
SUMMARY
This dissertation includes two parts. The first contains an introduction to the flora
of Southeast Asia and the objects of this study, Asteraceae-Senecioneae Cass. with
Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq., Gynura Cass. and Crassocephalum Moench (Chapter 1).
The second part comprises three manuscripts based on original research (Chapter 2-
4).
In chapter 2 a revision of the Asian genus Cissampelopsis is provided. Two
sections with ten species and two varieties are recognized. These are sect. Buimalia C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen with C. buimalia (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey & Y. L.
Chen, C. erythrochaeta C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and C. calcadensis (Ramasw.) C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and sect. Cissampelopsis with C. glandulosa C. Jeffrey & Y. L.
Chen, C. walkeri (Arn.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen with var. walkeri and var. floccosa
Vanijajiva & Kadereit (var. nov.), C. corifolia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. volubilis
(Bl.) Miq, C. ansteadii (Tadul. & Jacob) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. spelaeicola
(Van.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and C. corymbosa (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L.
Chen. Keys, descriptions, photographs of floral characters and distribution maps are
provided.
Chapter 3 is a revision of the palaeotropical genus Gynura. Forty-four species are
recognized of which three are described as new. These are G. davisii Vanijajiva &
Kadereit, G. siamensis Vanijajiva & Kadereit and G. villosus Vanijajiva & Kadereit.
Gynura dissecta (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. annua (F. G. Davies)
Vanijajiva & Kadereit and G. aurantiaca (Bl) DC. subsp. parviflora (F. G. Davies)
Vanijajiva & Kadereit are new combinations. An identification key, descriptions and
distribution maps are provided.
In chapter 4, an analysis of the genus Crassocephalum in Asia, introduced there
from Africa, is presented. This analysis is based on extensive field work, herbarium
studies, analyses of pollen and seed fertility and chromosome numbers as well as ITS
and trnL-F sequences. We found that Crassocephalum in Asia comprises two species
and their interspecific hybrid. The two species are C. crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore
and C. rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore, of which the latter is a new record for Asia.
The hybrid between these two species originated from a cross C. crepidioides (2n=40)
as female and C. rubens (2n=40) as male parent.

2
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die vorgelegte Dissertation enthält zwei Teile. Der erste beinhaltet eine
Einführung in die Flora Südostasiens und die Untersuchungsgruppe Asteraceae-
Senecioneae Cass. mit den Gattungen Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq., Gynura Cass. und
Crassocephalum Moench (Kapitel 1). Der zweite Teil besteht aus drei Manuskripten,
die auf originalen Forschungsergebnissen basieren (Kapitel 2-4).
In Kapitel 2 wird eine Revision der asiatischen Gattung Cissampelopsis vorgelegt.
Die folgenden zwei Sektionen mit zehn Arten und zwei Varietäten werden anerkannt:
sect. Buimalia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen mit C. buimalia (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. erythrochaeta C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen und C. calcadensis
(Ramasw.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen sowie sect. Cissampelopsis mit C. glandulosa C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. walkeri (Arn.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen mit var. walkeri und
var. floccosa Vanijajiva & Kadereit (var. nov.), C. corifolia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen,
C. volubilis (Bl.) Miq, C. ansteadii (Tadul. & Jacob) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C.
spelaeicola (Van.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen und C. corymbosa (Wall. ex DC.) C.
Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen. Schlüssel, Artbeschreibungen, Fotographien von
Blütenmerkmalen und Verbreitungskarten werden präsentiert.
Kapitel 3 beinhaltet die Revision der paläotropischen Gattung Gynura.
Vierundvierzig Arten werden anerkannt, darunter die folgenden drei
Neubeschreibungen: G. davisii Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. siamensis Vanijajiva &
Kadereit und G. villosus Vanijajiva & Kadereit. Gynura dissecta (F. G. Davies)
Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. annua (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit und G.
aurantiaca (Bl) DC. subsp. parviflora (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit sind
Neukombinationen. Ein Schlüssel, Artbeschreibungen und Verbreitungskarten werden
vorgelegt.
In Kapitel 4 wird eine Analyse von Crassocephalum in Asien, einer aus Afrika
eingeschleppten Gattung, präsentiert. Diese Untersuchung basiert auf umfangreicher
Feldarbeit, Herbarstudien, Analysen der Pollen- und Samenfertilität,
Chromosomenzählungen sowie ITS- und trnL-F-Sequenzen. Die Studie ergab, dass
Crassocephalum in Asien mit zwei Arten und de