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Publié par | freie_universitat_berlin |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2010 |
Nombre de lectures | 22 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 1 Mo |
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FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN
FACHBEREICH WIRTSCHAFTSWISSENSCHAFT
INAUGURAL‐DISSERTATION
ZUR ERLANGUNG DES AKADEMISCHEN GRADES
EINES DOKTORS DER WIRTSCHAFTSWISSENSCHAFT
DR. RER. POL.
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION — PATENT BASED EVIDENCE
VORGELEGT VON
PETRA ZLOCZYSTI
EINGEREICHT IM SEPTEMBER 2010
TAG DER DISPUTATION: 26. NOVEMBER 2010
GUTACHTER:
PROF. IRWIN COLLIER, PH.D.
(FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN)
PROF. DR. CHRISTIAN VON HIRSCHHAUSEN
(TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The writing of any dissertation is a long journey. With great pleasure I acknowledge the
many friends and colleagues who supported me throughout the process. I am
particularly grateful to my supervisor, Professor Irwin Collier, for his encouragement,
thoughtful comments and suggestions during my course of study at the Freie
Universität Berlin. Professor Christian von Hirschhausen at DIW Berlin provided
guidance and stimulating debates. I especially thank him for agreeing to become a
second supervisor during the last phase of my research.
My co‐authors Frauke Braun and Jens Schmidt‐Ehmcke engaged me in spirited
discussion during our many coffee breaks and lunches. Without your input, my journey
would have been more arduous. I am grateful, too, for the collegiality I found at Freie
Universität Berlin, especially Justine Röhmel, Timm Bönke and Martin Knoll. Thank you
for making my university experience so enjoyable. New friends and colleagues at DIW
Berlin patiently helped me through the final stages for which I owe them a debt of
gratitude.
My colleague at DIW Berlin, Astrid Cullmann, freely shared her perspective and
expanded my knowledge on efficiency analysis.
During my doctoral studies, I spent a year at the University of Groningen, where I met
interesting students and colleagues, all of whom willingly shared their work and
viewpoints. Jutta Bolt, whose door is always open, offered helpful insights and I thank
her for her friendship.
For many months, my family especially my parents, have offered continuous
encouragement. Thank you all for believing in me and in this project.
Petra Zloczysti, September 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
p. 1
2. R&D EFFICIENCY IN MANUFACTURING:
A NON‐PARAMETRIC DEA APPROACH
(with J. Schmidt‐Ehmcke) p. 8
3. INTERNATIONAL KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND
PRODUCTIVITY: APPLYING PANEL
COINTEGRATION TO THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR LEVEL
p. 41
ECHNOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION AND MARKET VALUE: 4. T
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF U.S. MANUFACTURING FIRMS
(with J. Schmidt‐Ehmcke) p. 77
5. INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN WIND AND SOLAR TECHNOLOGY:
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS
(with F. Braun and J. Schmidt‐Ehmcke) p. 109
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
p. 146
1. General Introduction
1.1 Overview
Fostering innovation is crucial to sustain long‐term growth and prosperity. Especially
in the advanced countries of Europe, the United States and Japan, continuous
technological innovation is of major importance as these countries determine the world
technology frontier and are therefore no longer able to grow by imitating or adapting
technologies developed elsewhere. An obvious to path to spur innovation would be to
increase research and development (R&D) investment.
As Europe experienced on average a lower annual growth rate over the last decade than
the United States (0.4 percentage points lower), the so‐called Lisbon Agenda was
launched in March 2000 to bolster innovation, growth and employment in the European
Union (EU). In the Lisbon strategy, the governments of the member states established
the goal transforming the EU into “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge‐based
economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better
jobs and greater social cohesion” by 2010 [7]. One of the central ideas in this framework
is that R&D investment in the EU is too low. As a result, the Lisbon strategy includes the
goal of raising R&D expenditures to 3% of GDP. Faced with the reality of climate change
and pollution, the initial Lisbon framework was amended at the European Council in
Gothenburg in 2001 to include environment and sustainability [8]. At the current stage,
we know that many EU countries are still far away from the spending goal of 3% even
though the primal targets were supposed to be due in 2010. Consequently, the
European Commission issued an “Agenda 2020” to sketch a vision of Europe for the
21st century, which again includes the 3% goal as a headline target [9].
Against this background, the motivation for this thesis arose from the need to gain a
deeper understanding of the innovation process itself and the drivers of ideas
generation. A question immediately crossing one’s mind when talking about the Lisbon
3% target is: are we aiming at the right target? Do we employ resources devoted to R&D
efficiently or could we increase innovation through improved performance? The first
paper of this thesis offers