The age of Owain Gwynedd. An attempt at a connected account of the history of Wales from December, 1135, to November, 1170. To which are added several appendices on the chronology, &c., of the period

Paul Barbier

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"gtpa«aiWitWiWWW«i«B>iau«iwwMiwainiiiW(Bir*iB^^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOSANGELES Digitized by the Internet Archive in with funding from2008 IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/ageofowaingwynedOObarb THE AGE OF OWAIN GWYNEDD. An attempt at a connected account of the History of Wales from December, 1135, to November, 1170. To which are added several Appendices on the Chronology^ »attle in 1146. [Chron. Scot, ad ann.] THE AGE OF OWAIN GWYNEDI).Chap. 3.] 35 Othir, and a son of Cherulf areOthir, son of another part in the expedition. With thesementioned as taking ' Abermenai. But before athe Welsh prince landed at was brought aboutconflict could take place, a reconciliation Gwynedd, andbetween the brothers by the noblemen of 'Cadawaldr received his lands anew. On hearing this, the commanders of the Irish fleet refused to liberate him, until handed over to them as thetwo thousand bondmen were waited for his brother'sprice of his ransom. Owain against the enemy.liberation before he took the offensive them were slain,was victorious in the battle, many ofHe many taken the rest hastily returned to Dublin. ; consequentthis was going on, the fearful anarchyWhile of Madog ab Idnerth and the wild quarrellingon the death opening to the Normans toof his sons, had given an in the land betweenrecover some of their old power Fitzwalter had been theGlamorgan and Powys.

Sujets

• Owain Gwynedd
• Wales

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• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

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iau«iwwMiwainiiiW(Bir*iB^^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOSANGELES Digitized by the Internet Archive in with funding from2008 IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/ageofowaingwynedOObarb THE AGE OF OWAIN GWYNEDD. An attempt at a connected account of the History of Wales from December, 1135, to November, 1170. To which are added several Appendices on the Chronology^ »attle in 1146. [Chron. Scot, ad ann.] THE AGE OF OWAIN GWYNEDI).Chap. 3.] 35 Othir, and a son of Cherulf areOthir, son of another part in the expedition. With thesementioned as taking ' Abermenai. But before athe Welsh prince landed at was brought aboutconflict could take place, a reconciliation Gwynedd, andbetween the brothers by the noblemen of 'Cadawaldr received his lands anew. On hearing this, the commanders of the Irish fleet refused to liberate him, until handed over to them as thetwo thousand bondmen were waited for his brother'sprice of his ransom. Owain against the enemy.liberation before he took the offensive them were slain,was victorious in the battle, many ofHe many taken the rest hastily returned to Dublin. ; consequentthis was going on, the fearful anarchyWhile of Madog ab Idnerth and the wild quarrellingon the death opening to the Normans toof his sons, had given an in the land betweenrecover some of their old power Fitzwalter had been theGlamorgan and Powys." />

"gtpa«aiWitWiWWW«i«B>iau«iwwMiwainiiiW(Bir*iB^^THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOSANGELESDigitized by the Internet Archive
in with funding from2008
IVIicrosoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/ageofowaingwynedOObarbTHE AGE OF
OWAIN GWYNEDD.
An attempt at a connected account of the
History of Wales from December, 1135, to
November, 1170.
To which are added several Appendices on the
Chronology^ <5r*c., oj the period.
— BY
PAUL BARBIER Fils. {Emil Ddu o Lydaw)
The University^ Leeds.Professor Romance Philology,oJ
• « —>»<
:— Long Acre, W C.LONDON David Nutt,
:— Southaix, Dock Street.NEWPORT, MoN. John E. 149FATHER,TO MY
BARRIERProfessor PAUL
OK THE
UNIVERSITY OF WALES.DA
51 I
6 P3 Ou
INTRODUCTION
peculiar interestCentury must always have aMhe Xllth
studies the history of his country.for the Welshman who
most dramaticthe time when the struggle is keenest andIt is
forces of the Anglo-Norman monarchybetween the centralising
the ecclesiasticaland the Celtic tribal organisation, between
Sulien,Church such as they appealed toideals of the Celtic
such as they were conceivedand those of the Roman Church
of WalesHildebrand. It is the time when the Literatureby
great writers flourish the timerevives and many of her ;
literature of thewhen Celtic folklore penetrates into thetoo
neighbouring peoples.
Xilthfigure of the middle of theThe greatest Welsh
and he alone, canCentury is certainly Owain Gwynedd ; he
From thefor the history of the time.form a central figure
overthrow of Welshdeath of Henry ist in to the final1135
national leadersEdward ist, the three greatindependence by
Gruffudd and Llywelyn Fawr.are Owain Gwynedd, Rhys ap
and chrono-book aims at giving a connectedThe present
thethe history of Wales duringlogically ordered account of
and exercised hisOwain ruled in Gwyneddyears that
—(ii35of the whole country.influence over the destinies
A.D.)1170
written, eleven years ago,It is published exactly as it was
Newport National Eisteddfod.for the
impossibility.of Wales is at present anAn ideal history
particular period has found its historianUp to the present no ;
who arepresent difficult to find menit is no doubt at
sources. Still, it is only whencompetent to deal with all the
have cleared theeach particular period willmonographs on
the country will be justified.way, that a complete history of
Fils.PAUL BARBIER
The University,
Lekos.ERRATA.
—
' ''Brut Saerson read Saesoii.'Page i8. Note 5 y
—
1147' 'fromTitle of Chapter II. 'from to read26. 1135„
to 1 143.'1135
—
' ' Ranulf.'Note 3 ' Randulf read„ 35.
—
'Innocent III' read 'Innocent II.'Line 2344.,,
' 'line—' Caedfan read Cadfan.'Last,, 47.
10— ' ' Meirionydd.'Line ' Merionydd read90.,,
'the First' read 'the Second.'108. Note 4„
—
' '116. Line 13 ' Faclain read Faelain.'„——————
THE AGE OF
OWAIN GWYNEDD.
CHAPTER I.
Military and Political History of Wales from to1135 1143.
Death of Henry I.—Revolt of the Welsh—War in the Vale of Llwchwr and in Gwyr
Richard of Clare killed in Gwent—Defeat and death of Gwenllian, wife of Gruffudd
ap Rhys, at Cydweli—Alliance between Graffudd ap Cynan and Gruffudd at Rhys
of Ceredigion Second invasionFirst invasion — of Ceredigicjn—Battle ofCrug-mawr
Affairs in the Southern marches—Stephen sends into Wa!e^ an army which forcedis
retreat—Siege of Llanstephan—Power of Gruffudd ap Rhys—Eisteddfod held into
South Wales—The Cantref of Rhos ravaged by Gruffudd ap Rhys—Imposition of
tribute on the Flemings-Death of Gruffudd ap Rhys—Anarawd ap Gruffudd—Ilis
David's Invasionrelations with St. — of Wales by Baldwin de Clare- Robert of
unsuccessfully wars against the Welsh—Ewyas Pain Fitz John killed—Stephen
the Welsh to themselves—Third invasion ofleaves Ceredigion by Owain Gwynedd
Conquest of the Clare lands—Death of Gruffudd ap Cynan Owain Gwynedd, his—
successor- Treaty with the Dublin Princes—Truce of 3S with the Normans11
Sack of St. Dogmael's by the Dublin pirates—War in the Welsh marches
GilbertCombination against Stephen— de Clare made Earl of Pembroke—Capture
by Stephenof Hereford and Weobley —He ravages the lands of Gloucester and
Paganel— takes Shrewsbury from FitzalanHe —Battle of Northallerton—Capture of
Ludlow by Stephen in May, 39 -Organised activity against11 of the nobles
Stephen—Misery in the Welsh marches-The Welsh used as mercenaries—Battle
—of Lmcoln, 1141 Petty Warfare in Central Wales—Death of Howel ap Maredudd
of Brycheiniog, and of Madog ab Idnerth—Power of Miles Fitz Walter in the Welsh
with Robert ofmarches—His alliance Gloucester—His conflict with Bishop Gilbert
Hereferd—His death.of
ENRV THE First, King of England, died SundayonXT
"'' '' the First of December in11 the evening. He35,
was one of the most formidable enemies that the Welsh
had to contend with. Heever never vacillated in the
which he had laid down forpolicy himself in his dealings
everywith them, taking advantage offered by the incessant
princes,quarrels of the native and giving every encourage-THE AGE OF OWAIN GWYNEDD. [Chap. i.2
encroachments of his own Norman vassals.ment to the
nominees to the WelshBy appointing" Norman sees, and
obedience to the Archbishopdemanding the oath of of
he took the firstCanterbury as metropolitan, step in the
Welsh church to thetask of assimilating the English,
Hewhich his successors wrought out. adopted the system
soil,of foreign colonists on Welsh which wasof plantation
centuries later towards Ireland by the Englishpursued
knew that a race is a race indeed, only assovereigns. He
distinct from that of its neighbourslong as its idiom is
;
for separate existence once itsthat it can no longer hope
gradual means he purposedspeech is lost ; and by toown
threea language which had survived conquests.extirpate
Frenchwas the last of the Norman rulers.Henry
' story that on the night when he breathed hisThere is a
suddenly burst the barriers whichlast, two lakes in Elfael
labour had together striven to opposenature and human
waters. The revolt, which, in Wales.the ravages of theto
the removal of his grasp on thefollowed his death and
sudden, no less terrible.of affairs, was no lesscontrol
of Brycheiniog, Howel apfierce Welsh lord'The
dashed down like a beast of prey into theMaredudd,
from the Llwchwr to the Tawe, andplains that stretch
sixty years later, his passageravaged them so fiercely that
fierce land of tribal war andmemorable even in thatwas
dawned when the rock-^The new year had barelyrapine.
scene of carnagepeninsula of Gwyr became the itbound ;
1. GiraMus Camb., Itin. Kamb , Rolls Ser., vi 19.
2. Gir. Camb., Itin. Kamb , Rolls Ser., vi. 78.
Both authorities give theFlor. Wigom. ad. ann. 1135; Gesta Stephani, ed. Bohn, p. 330.3.
says that men were killed on both sides whereasnumber of killed as 516 ; but Florence ;
were all Norman knights andthe account in the Gesta suggests that the 516 slain
men-at-arms