The impact of welfare states on social trust formation [Elektronische Ressource] : a multidimensional approach / vorgelegt von Larysa Tamilina

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• Soziologie

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• Publié par: universitat_bremen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 25
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Fachbereich 8: Sozialwissenschaften
Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences
The Impact of Welfare States on Social Trust Formation:
A Multidimensional Approach
Dissertation
zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde
durch den
Promotionsausschuss Dr.rer.pol.
der Universität Bremen
vorgelegt von
Larysa Tamilina
Bremen, den 24. März 2009
Erstgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Voges (Zentrum für Sozialpolitik)
Zweitgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Jan Delhey (Jacobs University)Contents
Preface 4
List of Tables 5
List of Figures 7
List of Acronyms 8
1. Introduction 9
1.1. Introducing a Multidimensional Approach in the Analysis of Social Capital 10
1.2. Limiting Social Capital to Social Trust 11
1.3. Overview of the Dissertation Structure 18
2. The Concept of Social Trust and Mechanisms of Its Formation 21
2.1. Evolution of the Concept of Social Trust 21
2.1.1. The Rational Choice Approach 24
2.1.2. The Psychological Approach 30
2.1.3. The Institutional Approach 32
2.1.4. The Reflexive Approach 35
2.1.5. Trust in Survey Questions 40
2.2. An Overview of Theories of Social Trust Formation 45
2.2.1. Network Theories 45
2.2.2. Socio-Psychological Theories 48
2.2.3. Life Experience Theories 50
2.2.4. Ideological Theories 52
2.2.5. Socio-demographic Theories 55
2.2.6. Societal Theories 56
2.3. Overview and Concluding Remarks 60
3. Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of the Impact of Welfare States on Social Trust 62
3.1. The Civil Society Erosion Argument 65
3.2. The Moral Destruction Argument 66
3.3. The Integration Argument 67
3.4. The Institutional Argument 69
3.5. The Synergetic Argument 75
3.6. Defining the Drawbacks in Existing Studies 79
3.7. Overview and Concluding Remarks 81
4. Research Design, Data and Methods Description 83
4.1. Research Design and Hypothesis Formulation 83
4.2. Data Source 89
4.3. Methods description 90
5. The Welfare State and Social Trust: a Descriptive Analysis 97
5.1. Levels of interpersonal and institutional trust in OECD Countries 97
5.2. Changes in Social Trust Levels Over Time 100
5.3. Social Trust and Social Expenditures: a Descriptive Analysis 107
5.4. Overview and Concluding Remarks 112
6. Policy Specific Effects of Welfare States’ Impact on Social Trust: The Functional Dimension 114
6.1. Introducing a Functional Spectrum in Social Trust Analysis 114
6.2. Policy Specific Effects: a Descriptive Analysis 119
6.3. Relevant Social Spending and Social Trust: an Aggregated-level Analysis 122
6.4. Relevant Social Spending and Social Trust: an Individual-level Analysis 125
6.5. Overview and Concluding Remarks 131
7. Decommodification and Stratification Effects on Social Trust: The Outcome Dimension 133
7.1.Introducing an Outcome Spectrum in Social Trust Analysis 133
7.2. Decommodification and Social Trust Levels 134
7.3. Stratification and Social Trust Levels 150
2 7.4. Overview and Concluding Remarks 160
8. Characteristics of Social Policies and Social Trust: The Qualitative Dimension 163
8.1. Introducing a Qualitative Spectrum in Social Trust Analysis 163
8.2. The Institutional Design and Social Trust: a Theoretical Elaboration 164
8.3. Division of Spending Between Non Means-Tested and Means-Tested 169
8.4. The Institutional Design and Social Trust: an Aggregated-Level Analysis 170
8.5. The Institutional Design and Social Trust: an Individual-Level Analysis 173
8.6. Interaction of The Institutional Design with The Functional Dimension 176
8.7. Overview and Concluding Remarks 181
9. Social Policies and Trust In Social Security Systems 183
9.1. Data Source and Method of Analysis 183
9.2. The Functional Dimension 186
9.3. The Outcome Dimension 187
9.4. The Qualitative Dimension 188
9.5. Overview and Concluding Remarks 188
10. Group Specific Effects of Social Policies on Social Trust 190
10.1. The Evidence of a Gender Gap in Social Capital 190
10.2. The Gender Dimension in Social Policies and Social Trust 298
10.3. Justifying Gender Differences in the Impact of Social Policies on Social Trust 202
10.4. The Effects of Social Policies on Gender Differences in Social Trust 210
10.5. Overview and Concluding Remarks 216
11. Conclusions 218
11.1. Summing Up the Relationship Between Welfare States and Social Trust 219
11.2. Predicting Possible Outcomes of Welfare State Transformation on Social Trust Levels 221
11.3. Theorizing the Relationship Between Welfare States and Social Trust 225
11.4. Overview and Concluding Remarks 228
Bibliography
Appendix
3Preface
This study is a result of a long research process which was made possible thanks to the
support of many people. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr.
Wolfgang Voges for his constructive suggestions, criticism and support during the last
three years. I am also very grateful to him for encouraging me to participate in a number
of academic events, in particular scientific conferences and seminars. I would also like to
express my appreciation to my second supervisor Prof. Dr. Jan Delhey for guiding me
through the complicated process of conducting an empirical analysis and helping me to
restructure the dissertation in order to clarify my reasoning.
The Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences was my academic home for
the last three years. The human element of BIGSSS was supportive and very kind to me
during that time. I would like to express my special appreciation to Steffen Mau, Werner
Dressel, Susanna Kowalik, and Lisa Bäuml.
I would also like to thank Volkswagen Foundation for providing me with a stipend and
hence making my stay in Bremen possible. I am very grateful as well to CEPS/INSTEAD
which kindly provided me with access to their databases from which the empirical
analysis was conducted.
My warmest thanks should also be extended to all the people from my cohort for their
encouragement and motivation both on personal and professional platforms.
4List of Tables in the Main Section
Table 2.1. Approaches to defining the meaning of social trust 24
Table 3.1. Classification of theories of welfare state effects on social trust 62
Table 5.1. Distribution of trust and mistrust towards social security systems in 18 100
OECD countries
Table 5.2. Changes in interpersonal trust levels from 1981-2004 103
Table 5.3. Changes in confidence in social security systems from 1989-2004 104
Table 5.4. A Multi-level analysis of the effects of social spending on social trust 112
Table 6.1. Correlation between relevant social spending and social trust among the 122
whole population, pensioners and unemployed people in OECD countries
Table 6.2. Correlation between relevant social expenditures and social trust, 122
controlled for country-level characteristics
Table 6.3. The regression of individual-level and country-level variables on social 127
trust
Table 7.1. Decommodification and Benefit generosity indexes by welfare regime 137
type
Table 7.2. The correlation between decommodification levels and social trust, 139
controlling for country-level characteristics
Table 7.3. Interpersonal and institutional trust by welfare regime type 141
Table 7.4. Influence of decommodification levels on social trust indexes 143
Table 7.5. Decommodification levels for pension and unemployment policies and 145
social trust: an aggregated analysis
Table 7.6. Policy specific effects of decommodification for two social provisions 146
Table 7.7. Decommodification indexes for pension and unemployment policies 148
Table 7.8. Stratification indexes by welfare regime type 154
Table 7.9. The correlation between stratification indexes and social trust, 156
controlling for country-level characteristics
Table 7.10. The influence of stratification on social trust levels: an individual-level 157
analysis
Table 8.1. Average levels of social spending by institutional design, % of GDP 170
Table 8.2. The correlation between social trust and measures of universalism and 171
5categorization: an aggregated-level analysis
Table 8.3. Impact of the institutional design of benefit schemes on social trust 174
levels: an individual-level analysis
Table 8.4. Variation of spending on means-tested and non means-tested 176
unemployment and pension schemes by welfare regime type, in % of GDP
Table 8.5. The correlation between the institutional design of pension and 177
unemployment schemes and social trust: an aggregated-level analysis
Table 8.6. Policy specific effects of the institutional design on institutional trust 178
Table 8.7. Policy specific effects of the institutional design on interpersonal trust 179
Table 9.1. The effects of welfare states on trust in social security systems in a 184
multidimensional approach
Table 10.1. Gender differences in social trust by welfare regime type 196
Table 10.2. Gender differences in social trust for 18 OECD countries 198
Table 10.3. The effects of social spe