The polyphenols resveratrol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester [Elektronische Ressource] : their influence on growth-related signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells / Thomas Ulrich Roos

Thomas Roos

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 36
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

IV Contents
Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München






The polyphenols resveratrol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester: their
influence on growth-related signaling pathways in vascular smooth
muscle cells



Thomas Ulrich Roos
aus
Albstadt-Ebingen




2006 VI Contents



Erklärung

Diese Dissertation wurde im Sinne von § 13 Abs. 3 bzw. 4 der
Promotionsordnung vom 29. Januar 1998 von Frau Prof. Dr. V. M. Dirsch und
von Frau Prof. Dr. A. M. Vollmar betreut.


Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung
Diese Dissertation wurde selbständig, ohne unerlaubte Hilfe erarbeitet.

München, am 22.09.2006




(Thomas Roos)






Dissertation eingereicht am: 29.09.2006
1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Verena M. Dirsch
2. Gutachter: PD Dr. Wolfgang Erl
Mündliche Prüfung am: 10.11.2006 I
A CONTENTS

A CONTENTS ................................................................................................. I
B INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1 BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY ......................................................... 1
2 AIM OF THE WORK...................................................................................... 3
3 VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (VSMCS).............................................. 4
3.1 VSMCs in arterial narrowing........................................................................4
3.2 Cultured VSMCs..........................................................................................4
4 RESVERATROL (RV)................................................................................... 5
4.1 Discovery, sources and biological function..................................................5
4.2 Features ......................................................................................................5
5 CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ................................................... 7
5.1 Discovery, source and biological function7
5.2 Features7
6 ANGIOTENSIN II........................................................................................ 10
6.1 History .......................................................................................................10
6.2 Structure and metabolism..........................................................................10
6.3 Receptors ..................................................................................................11
6.4 Physiology .................................................................................................12
6.5 Pathophysiology13
7 EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGF-R) TRANSACTIVATION ......... 15
7.1 EGF-Receptors .........................................................................................15
7.2 Transactivation by the AT -Receptor.........................................................16 1
8 THE SCAFFOLDING PROTEIN GRB2-ASSOCIATED BINDER 1 (GAB1) ............... 17
8.1 Gab1 – identification and function .............................................................18
9 SH2-CONTAINING PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (SHP-2).................................. 18
9.1 Function of Shp-2 ......................................................................................19
10 PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR (PDGF) ....................................... 19
10.1 The isoforms – structure and activation.....................................................20
10.2 PDGF receptors ........................................................................................21
10.3 PDGF in physiology and pathophysiology.................................................22
11 PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASES....................................................... 23
11.1 Phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns) ...................................................................23
11.2 l 3-kinases – classification, activation and inhibition...24
12 AKT AND MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MAPKS) ..................... 25
12.1 Protein kinase B (PKB) / Akt......................................................................25
12.2 MAPKs ......................................................................................................28
13 CAVEOLINS.......................................................................................... 30
13.1 Discovery and structure.............................................................................30
13.2 Localization and functions in pathology.....................................................33
C MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................. 36
1 STOCK SOLUTIONS................................................................................... 36
1.1 Preparation of Angiotensin II (Ang II) solution...........................................36
1.2 Preparation of EGF solution ......................................................................36
1.3 Preparation of PDGF-BB solution..............................................................36 II Contents
1.4 Preparation of Resveratrol (RV) ............................................................... 36
1.5 Preparation of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) solution.................... 36
2 CELL CULTURE ........................................................................................ 37
2.1 Bovine serum............................................................................................ 37
2.2 Solutions................................................................................................... 37
2.3 Cells.......................................................................................................... 38
2.4 Isolation of VSMCs ................................................................................... 38
2.5 Freezing, storage and thawing of VSMCs ................................................ 39
2.6 Passaging of cells..................................................................................... 39
3 CELL COUNTING ....................................................................................... 39
3.1 Experimental procedure............................................................................ 39
4 WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 41
4.1 Solutions................................................................................................... 41
4.2 Principle.................................................................................................... 43
4.3 Experimental procedure 44
5 IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ............................................................................. 48
5.1 Principle 48
5.2 Experimental procedure 48
6 CELL CYCLE ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 49
6.1 Flow cytometry.......................................................................................... 49
36.2 H-thymidine incorporation ....................................................................... 54
7 MICROSCOPY........................................................................................... 55
7.1 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)........................................... 55
8 LUCIFERASE REPORTER GENE ASSAY ......................................................... 58
8.1 Principle 58
8.2 Transfection of HEK 293 cells .................................................................. 59
8.3 Solutions................................................................................................... 60
8.4 Experimental procedure............................................................................ 60
9 ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAY (EMSA).................................... 60
9.1 Principle.................................................................................................... 60
9.2 Extraction of nuclear protein..................................................................... 61
9.3 Experimental procedure 61
9.4 Radioactive labelling of oligonucleotides.................................................. 62
9.5 Binding reaction and electrophoretic separation....................................... 63
110 H-NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY.................. 64
10.1 Principle 64
10.2 Experimental procedure 64
11 CYTOTOXICITY ASSAYS.......................................................................... 64
11.1 Propidium iodide exclusion assay............................................................. 65
11.2 Trypan blue exclusion assay .................................................................... 65
12 STATISTICS .......................................................................................... 66
D RESULTS.................................................................................................. 67
1 INFLUENCE OF RESVERATROL ON ANGIOTENSIN II AND EGF-TREATED VSMCS
67
1.1 Resveratrol does not interfere with EGF-R transactivation....................... 67
1.2 Transactivat