The systematic revision of Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and the reinstatement of the genus Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl. (Asteraceae; Mutisieae) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Alison Margarete Robertson Davies

Alison Davies

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 5
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 14 Mo

Extrait

A systematic revision of
Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and the
reinstatement of Oriastrum Poepp.
& Endl. (Asteraceae: Mutisieae)


Alison Margaret Robertson Davies



















München 2010








A systematic revision of
Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav.,
and the reinstatement of
Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl.
(Asteraceae: Mutisieae)













Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München




vorgelegt von
Alison Margaret Robertson Davies






München, den 03. November 2009































Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Jürke Grau
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 28. April 2010

























For Ric, Tim, Isabel & Nicolas




Of all the floures in the meade,
Thanne love I most those floures white and rede,
Such as men callen daysyes.

CHAUCER, ‘Legend of Good Women’, Prol. 43 (c. 1385)


“…a traveller should be a botanist, for in all views plants form the chief embellishment.”

DARWIN, ‘Darwin’s Journal of a Voyage round the World’, p. 599 (1896)










Acknowledgements

The successful completion of this work is due in great part to numerous people who have
contributed both directly and indirectly. Thank you. Especial thanks goes to my husband Dr.
Ric Davies who has provided unwavering support and encouragement throughout.

I am deeply indebted to my supervisor, Jürke Grau, who made this research possible. Thank
you for your support and guidance, and for your compassionate understanding of wider
issues.

The research for this study was funded by part-time employment on digital archiving projects
coordinated via the Botanische Staatssammlung Munchen (INFOCOMP, 2000 – 2003; API-
Projekt, 2005). Appreciative thanks go to the many friends and colleagues from both the
Botanische Staatssammlung and the Botanical Institute who have provided scientific and
social support over the years. Philomena Bodensteiner, Peter Döbbeler, Tini Ehrhart,
Matthias Erben and Lilo Klingenberg deserve a special mention.

Much of the evidence supporting the final conclusions in the thesis was acquired through
laboratory research and S.E.M. imaging. This would not have been possible without the
patient schooling and friendly assistance of Mrs. E. Vosyka, Dr. E. Facher and Mr E.
Marksteiner.

Travel grants were received from the DAAD (the German Academic Exchange Service) to
visit Chile twice, in 2001 and 2002. My stay in Chile and the field excursions were made far
easier thanks to Sunke Nef & family, Diettrich & Arnulf Becker, and Melica Muñoz-Schick
in Santiago, and Roberto Rodriguez, Señora Gleisner & family, and Marcelo Baeza & family
in Concepción. Special thanks are extended to Mary Kalin Arroyo, an active botanist and
ecologist in Chile, who has an ongoing scientific interest in Chaetanthera.

Permission to use digital images was kindly granted by Michal Belov (www.Chileflora.com),
Mauricio Bonifacino (MVFA, Uruguay), Michael Dillon, María Terese Eyzaguirre
(Fundación R.A. Philippi), Jürke Grau, Michel Grenon, Irene Till-Bottraud (Station Alpin
Joseph Fourier, Grenoble) and Mauricio Zuñiga.

Finally, a huge “Thank you” to my parents Jean & Iain Robertson, and my parents-in-law
Elizabeth & Peter (sadly recently died).
1

Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 5 
Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................. 6 
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 7 
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... 12 
I  Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 15 
1  Philosophy of taxonomic research ............................................................................... 15 
2  Goals of taxonomic research ........................................................................................ 16 
3  Application to Chaetanthera & Oriastrum .................................................................. 16 
3.1  Historical background .......................................................................................... 16 
3.2  Novel sources of variation ................................................................................... 17 
3.3  Re-defining taxonomic relationships ................................................................... 18 
II  Materials, methods & measurements 20 
1  Materials ...................................................................................................................... 20 
2  Methods........................................................................................................................ 20 
2.1  Capitula & floral dissection ................................................................................. 20 
2.2  Involucral bract anatomy studies ......................................................................... 20 
2.3  Achene & pappus studies ..................................................................................... 20 
2.4  Pollen studies ....................................................................................................... 21 
2.5  Chromosome studies ............................................................................................ 21 
2.6  Images & illustrations .......................................................................................... 22 
2.7  Geographical data ................................................................................................ 22 
3  Measurements .............................................................................................................. 22 
III  Variation of characters in Chaetanthera & Oriastrum .................................................... 24 
1  General remarks ........................................................................................................... 24 
2  Morphological & anatomical variation ........................................................................ 24 
2.1  Life cycle & habit 24 
2.2  Leaves .................................................................................................................. 29 
2.3  Indumentum ......................................................................................................... 30 
2.4  Involucral bracts................................................................................................... 30 
2.4.1  Arrangement .................................................................................................... 30 
2.4.2  Morphology of the inner involucral bracts ...................................................... 31 
2.4.3  Anatomy of the inner involucral bracts ........................................................... 33 
2.5  Pappus .................................................................................................................. 34 
2.6  Floret variation: ray dimorphism & showiness .................................................... 36 
2.7  Anthers & pollen .................................................................................................. 38 
2.8  Styles & stigmas 41 
2.9  Achenes ................................................................................................................ 43 
2.9.1  Achene shape ................................................................................................... 43 
2.9.2  Carpopodium.................................................................................................... 44 
2.9.3  Achene hairs..................................................................................................... 44 
2.9.4  Achene testa epidermis .....................................