Thermal remote sensing of urban microclimates by means of time-sequential thermography [Elektronische Ressource] / Fred Meier. Betreuer: Dieter Scherer

Meier

Sujets

• Naturwissenschaften

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 75
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 16 Mo

Extrait

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Thermal remote sensing of urban microclimates
by means of time-sequential thermography



vorgelegt von
Dipl. Ing. Fred Meier
aus Berlin


Von der Fakultät VI – Planen Bauen Umwelt
der Technischen Universität Berlin
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Naturwissenschaften
Dr. rer. nat.

genehmigte Dissertation




Promotionsausschuss:
Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Gerd Wessolek
Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dieter Scherer
Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Parlow

Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 16.03.2011


Berlin 2011
D 83
Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ I
LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS ............................................................................................................ III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... IV
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... V
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................................. VII
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... - 1 -
1.1 THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF URBAN CLIMATES ......................................................... - 2 -
1.2 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL HETEROGENEITY .................................................................... - 4 -
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE THESIS............................................................................................ - 5 -
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................... - 7 -
2.1 OBSERVATIONAL FRAMEWORK...................................................................................... - 7 -
2.1.1 Time-Sequential Thermography ........................................................................... - 7 -
2.1.2 Combination of TST and meteorological observations ........................................ - 7 -
2.1.3 Definitions of surface temperatures ................................................................... - 10 -
2.2 MODELLING FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................... - 10 -
2.2.1 Spatially distributed LOS geometry parameters ................................................ - 11 -
2.2.2 Atmospheric correction procedure..................................................................... - 12 -
2.3 ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................. - 12 -
2.3.1 Spatio-temporal decomposition .......................................................................... - 12 -
2.3.2 Determination of persistence effects .................................................................. - 13 -
2.3.3 Surface classification and 3-D data ................................................................... - 14 -
3. TIME-SEQUENTIAL THERMOGRAPHY AND URBAN MICROCLIMATES . - 16 -
3.1 AVAILABILITY OF A LONG-TERM TST DATA SET ......................................................... - 16 -
3.2 PRE-PROCESSING CHAIN OF TST DATA ........................................................................ - 17 -
3.3 URBAN MICROCLIMATES ............................................................................................. - 20 -
3.3.1 Microclimate of an urban courtyard .................................................................. - 20 -
3.3.2 Microclimate of urban trees ............................................................................... - 22 -
3.3.3 Forcing processes of surface temperature fluctuations ..................................... - 25 -
4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK ............................................................................ - 27 -
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REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... - 29 -
APPENDIX A: ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION OF THERMAL INFRARED IMAGERY OF THE 3-D
URBAN ENVIRONMENT ACQUIRED IN OBLIQUE VIEWING GEOMETRY .................................. - 39 -
APPENDIX B: DETERMINATION OF PERSISTENCE EFFECTS IN SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF
UPWARD LONG-WAVE RADIATION FLUX DENSITY FROM AN URBAN COURTYARD BY MEANS OF
TIME-SEQUENTIAL THERMOGRAPHY ................................................................................ - 59 -
APPENDIX C: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF URBAN TREE CANOPY TEMPERATURE
DURING SUMMER 2010 IN BERLIN, GERMANY ................................................................... - 75 -
APPENDIX D: HIGH-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES IN AN URBAN
ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................. - 103 -

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List of manuscripts

The dissertation is presented in cumulative form and consists of four individual manuscripts,
which are referred to by their corresponding Roman numerals in the text. All manuscripts are
completely reproduced in Appendix A-D. Two manuscripts are published. The others are
submitted and still in the review process.

Published manuscripts

I Meier, F., Scherer, D., Richters, J. and Christen, A. (2010): Atmospheric correction of
thermal infrared imagery of the 3-D urban environment acquired in oblique viewing
geometry. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 3, 5671–5703.
doi:10.5194/amtd-3-5671-2010.

II. Meier, F., Scherer, D. and Richters, J. (2010): Determination of persistence effects in
spatio-temporal patterns of upward long-wave radiation flux density from an urban
courtyard by means of Time-Sequential Thermography. Remote Sensing of
Environment, 114, 21-34.

Submitted manuscripts

III Meier, F. and Scherer, D. (2010): Spatial and temporal variability of urban tree canopy
temperature during summer 2010 in Berlin, Germany. Submitted to Theoretical and
Applied Climatology.

IV Christen, A., Meier, F. and Scherer, D. (2010): High-frequency fluctuations of surface
temperatures in an urban environment. Submitted to Remote Sensing of Environment.


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Acknowledgements
At this point I would like to thank the following people who have contributed significantly to
the success of this work.

I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Dieter Scherer. His
understanding, encouraging and personal guidance have provided the best basis for the
present thesis. He let me participate in a number of fruitful discussions, excursions,
expeditions and scientific conferences. Without his support I would not be so enthusiastic
about the scientific issues of urban climatology and thermal remote sensing.

I wish to express my warm and sincere thanks to Dr. Jochen Richters, Prof. Dr. Andreas
Christen and Prof. Dr. Eberhard Parlow for their co-supervision, motivation and support in
pursuing my PhD thesis.

Many thanks to all colleagues at the chair of climatology for creating such a friendly place
where it is a pleasure to work. I cordially thank Marco Otto for reviewing all my manuscripts,
his support with numerous and helpful comments, as a discussion partner and friend. Special
thanks go to Hartmut Küster who helped substantially to set up and maintain the
meteorological and thermography experimental sites. I am grateful to Roman and Fabi for
discussing various scientific issues and for finding quick and reliable solutions for many
practical problems.

I am immensely grateful to my parents and my wife Sabi. Her lovely support always
encouraged me. I am also grateful to all my friends, especially Olli for reviewing my
manuscripts and all for being there and helping me to keep perspective.

Surface brightness temperature (°C)
TThhaannkk yyoouu vveerryy mmuucchh!!
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Abstract
Surface temperature is an important variable for studies of the urban atmosphere. It directly
controls emission of thermal-infrared (TIR) radiation, is central to the energy balance of the
surface, modulates the air temperature of the adjacent urban atmosphere, helps to determine
the internal climate of buildings and affects the comfort of city dwellers. TIR remote sensing
techniques can significantly contribute to urban climatology because TIR imagery provide
time-synchronised spatially distributed data of upward long-wave radiation, which is an
important component of the surface radiation budget. Furthermore, it is possible to retrieve
the surface temperature from observed radiance via Planck's law under consideration of
atmospheric influences and the non-blackbody properties of surfaces. However, applications
of TIR remote sensing in urban climatology are difficult because of the complex structure of
the surface-atmosphere interface.
This contribution demonstrates the potential of ground-based TIR remote sensing using an
industrial-type thermography camera system mounted on building roofs in order to study
urban microclimates. Thermogra