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ILLUSION OF JUSTICE Human Rights Abuses in US Terrorism Prosecutions H U M A N R I G H T S W A T C H Illusion of Justice Human Rights Abuses in US Terrorism Prosecutions Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1555 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org The Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School ute sits at the heart of human rights teaching, practice and scholarship at Columbia Law School.

Informations

• Publié par: sarah_mantelin
• Publié le: 24 juillet 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 10
• Langue: Français
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

ILLUSION OF JUSTICE
Human Rights Abuses in US Terrorism Prosecutions

H U M A N
R I G H T S
W A T C H

Illusion of Justice
Human Rights Abuses in US Terrorism Prosecutions

Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 978-1-62313-1555
Cover design by Rafael Jimenez


Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate
abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and
secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that
works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of
human rights for all.

Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries,
and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg,
London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo,
Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich.

For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org


The Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School
The Human Rights Institute sits at the heart of human rights teaching, practice and
scholarship at Columbia Law School.Founded in 1998 by the late Professor Louis Henkin,
the Institute draws on the law school’s deep human rights tradition to support and
influence human rights practice in the United States and throughout the world.The
Institute focuses its work in three main substantive areas: Counterterrorism and Human
Rights; Human Rights in the United States; and Human Rights in the Global Economy.We
have developed distinct approaches to our work, building bridges between scholarship
and activism, developing capacity within the legal community, engaging governments, and
modeling new strategies for progress.

For more information, please visit:law.columbia.edu/human-rights-institute

JULY2014 978-1-62313-1555

Illusion of Justice
Human Rights Abuses in US Terrorism Prosecutions

Summary ................................................................................................................1

Human Rights Concerns...............................................................................................4

Adverse Impact on American Muslim Communities, Law Enforcement ..........................7

Key Recommendations to the US Federal Government..................................................8

Methodology.......................................................................................................... 9

I. “Homegrown Terrorism” and the Preventive Approach to Investigations.............13

Post 9/11 Changes to Priorities and Rules Governing Federal Terrorism Investigations14


Theories of “Homegrown Terrorism” and “Radicalization” .......................................... 16

Widespread Surveillance of American Muslims and Use of Informants........................ 18

II. Discriminatory and Overly Aggressive Investigations Using Informants .............21


Identifying Targets for Investigation Due to Religious or Political Views ......................23

Vulnerable Targets: People with Mental, Intellectual Disabilities, Indigent People ......27

Vulnerable Targets: Individuals Seeking Religious Guidance ...................................... 41

Informants Ignoring Targets’ Reluctance to Engage in Terrorism.................................. 45

Informants Playing Key Roles in Generating or Furthering the “Plot” ...........................47
Informants with Criminal Histories ............................................................................. 54


Human Rights Concerns............................................................................................. 55

III. Broad Charges: Material Support Cases........................................................... 60


Changes to the Material Support Statute....................................................................60

Waves of Material Support Prosecutions ....................................................................62
Human Rights Concerns.............................................................................................74

IV. Unfair Trials .................................................................................................... 76


Prejudicial Evidence ..................................................................................................76

Evidence from Warrantless Wiretaps under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ..96

Classified Evidence ................................................................................................. 107

Anonymous and Biased Juries................................................................................... 111
Pretrial Solitary Confinement and Other Conditions of Confinement ..........................112

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HUMANRIGHTSWATCH| JULY2014

V. Disproportionate Sentences ............................................................................122

The “Terrorism Adjustment”..................................................................................... 123


Lengthy Sentences Based on Unproven Conduct...................................................... 125

Lengthy Sentences Based on Non-Violent Conduct................................................... 127

Lengthy Sentences in Informant Cases..................................................................... 129

VI. Imprisonment and Treatment.......................................................................... 131

Background: Tightening of Restrictions in Response to “Prisoner Radicalization” ..... 132

Prolonged Solitary Confinement and Restrictions on Family Contact ......................... 133

Obstacles to Challenging Prisoner Classification and Seeking Transfer to Less
Restrictive Facilities................................................................................................. 152

VII. Law Enforcement Relations with American Muslim Communities....................164


Community Outreach and Countering Violent Extremism .......................................... 164

Necessary Alternatives ............................................................................................ 173

VIII. Full Recommendations .................................................................................178

To the US President ................................................................................................. 178


To the US Attorney General ...................................................................................... 179

To the Federal Bureau of Investigation ..................................................................... 180

To the Department of Justice National Security Division and US Attorneys’ Offices.... 180

To the Bureau of Prisons .......................................................................................... 182
To the Department of Justice Office of Inspector General .......................................... 185


To the US Sentencing Commission........................................................................... 185

To Federal Court Judges ........................................................................................... 185

To the US Congress.................................................................................................. 186

Acknowledgments.............................................................................................. 188

Appendix.............................................................................................................190


A. Cases Reviewed................................................................................................... 190

B. Detention Conditions........................................................................................... 198

C. Length of Time in Pretrial Solitary Confinement ....................................................200

D. Quantitative Analysis of the Department of Justice Terrorism Conviction Dataset .. 201

E. Government Correspondence...............................................................................206

ILLUSION OFJUSTICE

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Summary

Muslims are a fundamental part of the American family. In fact, the success
of American Muslims and our determination to guard against any
encroachments on their civil liberties is the ultimate rebuke to those who say
that we’re at war with Islam.
—US President Barack Obama, May 23, 2013

This community is under siege. And even if they’re not under siege, they
think they are.
—Tom